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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Local- and regional-scale biomorphodynamics due to tree uprooting in semi-natural and managed montane forests of the Sudetes Mountains, Central Europe
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Local- and regional-scale biomorphodynamics due to tree uprooting in semi-natural and managed montane forests of the Sudetes Mountains, Central Europe

机译：由于树木在中欧苏德特斯山脉的半天然和人工山地森林中连根拔起，因此在局部和区域范围内形成了生物形态动力学

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In this work, direct and indirect geomorphic consequences of wind-related tree uprooting are examined, using an extensive dataset from the mountain range of the Sudetes, Poland. The role of local conditions in influencing the geomorphic efficacy of tree uprooting is examined, as well as issues of upscaling individual observations from experimental sites. This problem is approached at a range of spatial and observational scales, from monitoring of root plate degradation over time through to examination of wind effects at a slope scale and region-wide analysis. In our study area the mean root plate volume is between 0.4 and 4.2 m(3) for spruce and 2.4 m(3) for beech, and their degradation may last tens of years. The density of relict pit-and-mound microtopography varies from 2.7 up to 40 pairs per hectare and the maximum coverage of terrain is 4.7%. The volume of treethrow mounds varies from 0.5 to 3.1 m(3) and mounds seem to outlive the pits formed in the same episode of disturbance. However, in specific lithological and topographic conditions, pit-and-mound topography does not form. The maximum biogenic transport attributable to a single windstorm event is c. 80 m(3) ha(-1), while soil turnover times are calculated in the order of 1000-10 000 years. Rock fragment 'mining' is an important biogeomorphic process, both in terms of impact on hillslope surfaces and on soil properties. Gravel armours and small-scale stepped topography may form instead of typical pit-mound associations in specific circumstances. Managed forests appear more prone to wind damage and associated geomorphic consequences. In the Sudetes Mountains, the variable role of tree uprooting in local and regional hillslope denudation is governed by forest stand structure, topography and regolith properties, with the former significantly influenced by human activity. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：在这项工作中，使用来自波兰苏德特山脉的广泛数据集，研究了与风有关的树木连根拔起的直接和间接地貌后果。考察了当地条件在影响树木连根拔起的地貌功效中的作用，以及从实验地点提高单个观测值的问题。这个问题是在一定范围的空间和观测范围内解决的，从监测随时间变化的根板退化到以坡度尺度检查风影响和进行区域分析。在我们的研究区域中，云杉的平均根板体积在0.4到4.2 m（3）之间，山毛榉的平均根板体积在2.4 m（3）之间，它们的降解可能持续数十年。遗迹坑坑洼地微地形的密度从每公顷2.7到40对不等，地形的最大覆盖率为4.7％。扔树的土墩的体积从0.5到3.1 m（3）不等，并且土墩似乎比同一次骚扰中形成的坑还长。但是，在特定的岩性和地形条件下，不会形成坑坑洼洼的地形。可归因于单个暴风雨事件的最大生物传递量为c。 80 m（3）ha（-1），而土壤周转时间则按1000-10 000年的顺序计算。从对坡面和土壤特性的影响来看，岩石碎片的“开采”都是重要的生物地貌过程。在特定情况下，可能会形成碎石盔甲和小型阶梯状地形，而不是典型的坑坑洼洼的联系。人工林似乎更容易受到风的破坏和相关的地貌后果。在苏德特斯山脉中，树木连根拔起在局部和区域性山坡剥蚀中的可变作用受林分结构，地形和re石特性控制，前者受人类活动的影响很大。版权所有（C）2016 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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