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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Pressure and shear stress caused by raindrop impact at the soil surface: Scaling laws depending on the water depth
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Pressure and shear stress caused by raindrop impact at the soil surface: Scaling laws depending on the water depth

机译：雨滴撞击土壤表面引起的压力和剪切应力：取决于水深的比例定律

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Raindrop impact is an important process in soil erosion. Through its pressure and shear stress, raindrop impact causes a significant detachment of the soil material, making this material available for transport by sheet flow. Thanks to the accurate Navier-Stokes equations solver Gerris, we simulate the impact of a single raindrop of diameter D, at terminal velocity, on water layers of different thickness h: D/10, D/5, D/3, D/2, D, 2D, in order to study pressures and shear stresses involved in raindrop erosion. These complex numerical simulations help in understanding precisely the dynamics of the raindrop impact, quantifying in particular the pressure and the shear stress fields. A detailed analysis of these fields is performed and self-similar structures are identified for the pressure and the shear stress on the soil surface. The evolution of these self-similar structures are investigated as the aspect ratio h/D varies. We find that the pressure and the shear stress have a specific dependence on the ratio between the drop diameter and the water layer thickness, and that the scaling laws recently proposed in fluid mechanics are also applicable to raindrops, paving the road to obtain effective models of soil erosion by raindrops. In particular, we obtain a scaling law formula for the dependence of the maximum shear stress on the soil on the water depth, a quantity that is crucial for quantifying erosion materials. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：雨滴影响是土壤侵蚀的重要过程。通过其压力和剪切应力，雨滴的撞击会导致土壤物质的显着分离，从而使这种物质可通过薄层流进行运输。得益于精确的Navier-Stokes方程求解器Gerris，我们可以模拟最终速度下直径为D的单个雨滴对不同厚度h的水层的影响：D / 10，D / 5，D / 3，D / 2 ，D，2D，以便研究雨滴侵蚀所涉及的压力和切应力。这些复杂的数值模拟有助于准确了解雨滴撞击的动力学，尤其是量化压力和切应力场。对这些场进行了详细分析，并确定了自相似结构的土壤表面压力和剪切应力。随着纵横比h / D的变化，研究了这些自相似结构的演化。我们发现压力和剪切应力对液滴直径与水层厚度之比具有特定的依赖性，并且流体力学中最近提出的比例定律也适用于雨滴，为获得有效的雨滴模型铺平了道路。雨滴侵蚀土壤。特别是，我们获得了最大剪切应力对水深的依赖性的比例定律公式，该量对于定量侵蚀材料至关重要。版权所有（C）2016 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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