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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Rock fall dynamics and deposition: An integrated analysis of the 2009 Ahwiyah Point rock fall, Yosemite National Park, USA
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Rock fall dynamics and deposition: An integrated analysis of the 2009 Ahwiyah Point rock fall, Yosemite National Park, USA

机译：落石动力学和沉积：美国优胜美地国家公园2009 Ahwiyah Point落石的综合分析

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摘要

We analyzed a combination of airborne and terrestrial LiDAR, high-resolution photography, seismic, and acoustic data in order to gain insights into the initiation, dynamics, and talus deposition of a complex rock fall. A large (46 700m ~3) rock fall originated from near Ahwiyah Point in eastern Yosemite Valley and fell a total of 730m to the valley floor on 28 March 2009. Analyses of remote sensing, seismic, and acoustic data were integrated to reconstruct the rock fall, which consisted of (1) the triggering of a 25 400m ~3 rock block in an area of intersecting and sometimes highly weathered joint planes, (2) the sliding and subsequent ballistic trajectory of the block from a steeply dipping ledge, (3) dislodging of additional rock from the cliff surface from beneath the rock fall source area, (4) a mid-cliff ledge impact that detached a volume of rock nearly equivalent in volume to the initial block, (5) sliding of the deteriorating rock mass down the remainder of the cliff, and (6) final impact at the base of the cliff that remobilized the existing talus downward and outward and produced an airblast that knocked down hundreds of trees. The depositional geomorphology indicates that the porosity of the fresh talus is significantly lower than that expected for typical blocky talus slopes, likely because the rock debris from this event was pulverized into smaller, more poorly sorted fragments and densified via dynamic compaction when compared to less energetic, fragmental-type rock falls. These results suggest that accumulation of individual rock-fall boulders tends to steepen talus slopes, whereas large, energetic rock falls tend to flatten them. Detachment and impact signals were recorded by seismic and acoustic instruments and highlight the potential use of this type of instrumentation for generalized rock fall monitoring, while LiDAR and photography data were able to quantify the cliff geometry, rock fall volume, source and impact locations, and geomorphological changes to the cliff and talus.
机译：我们分析了机载和地面LiDAR，高分辨率摄影，地震和声学数据的组合，以便深入了解复杂岩崩的发生，动力学和距骨沉积。巨大的（46 700m〜3）岩石落差起源于优胜美地山谷东部的Ahwiyah Point附近，并于2009年3月28日坠落至谷底总共730m。对遥感，地震和声学数据的分析进行了整合以重建岩石下降，包括（1）在相交的，有时是高度风化的联合平面区域触发25400m〜3岩石块，（2）陡倾壁架滑动和随后的弹道轨迹，（3 ）从落石源区域下方的悬崖表面移走其他岩石，（4）中崖架撞击使体积与初始区块几乎相等的岩石脱离，（5）不断恶化的岩体滑动沿着悬崖的其余部分下降，以及（6）悬崖底部的最终撞击，使现有距骨向下和向外移动，并产生了轰炸，使数百棵树倒下。沉积地貌表明，新鲜距骨的孔隙度明显低于典型的块状距骨斜坡的孔隙度，这可能是因为该事件的岩石碎屑被粉碎成较小的，分类较差的碎片，并与低能量的相比通过动态压实法致密化。 ，碎片型的岩石瀑布。这些结果表明，单个落石巨石的堆积倾向于使距骨斜坡变陡，而较大的高能落石倾向于使它们变平。分离和撞击信号由地震和声学仪器记录，突出了这种仪器在广义落石监测中的潜在用途，而LiDAR和摄影数据能够量化悬崖的几何形状，落石量，震源和撞击位置，以及悬崖和距骨的地貌变化。

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