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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Human impact on Holocene sediment dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean - the example of the Roman harbour of Ephesus
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Human impact on Holocene sediment dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean - the example of the Roman harbour of Ephesus

机译：人类对地中海东部全新世沉积动力学的影响-以弗所罗马港为例

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摘要

During the past millennia, many erosion and accumulation processes have been modified by anthropogenic impact. This holds especially true for the environs of ancient settlements and their harbours along the Mediterranean coasts. Our multi-proxy investigations in the Roman harbour and the harbour canal of Ephesus (western Turkey) reveals that humans have significantly triggered soil erosion during the last three millennia. Since the eighth century bc, and especially since the Hellenistic period, a high sedimentation rate indicates fast alluviation and delta progradation of the Kucuk Menderes. Deforestation, agriculture (especially ploughing) and grazing (especially goats) were the main reasons for erosion of the river catchment area. One consequence was significant siltation of the Hellenistic/Roman harbour basin. This sediment trap archives the human impact, which was strongly enhanced from Hellenistic/Roman to Byzantine times (second/first centuries bc to the sixth/seventh centuries ad), evidenced by high sedimentation rates, raised values of heavy metal contaminations [lead (Pb), copper (Cu)], the occurrence of fruit tree pollen and of intestinal parasites. From the middle to the end of the first millennium ad, the influence of Ephesus declined, which resulted in a decrease of human impact. Studies of several ancient settlements around the Mediterranean Sea tell a comparable story. They also confirm that during their most flourishing periods the human impact totally overprinted the climatic one. To detect the latter, geo-bio-archives of relatively pristine areas have to be investigated in detail. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：在过去的一千年中，许多侵蚀和积累过程已被人为影响所改变。对于古代定居点及其沿地中海沿岸的港口而言，尤其如此。我们在罗马港口和以弗所港口运河（土耳其西部）进行的多方调查显示，在过去的三千年中，人类已显着触发了土壤侵蚀。自公元前八世纪以来，尤其是自古希腊时期以来，高沉积速率表明库库克曼德斯河的冲积和三角洲发育迅速。砍伐森林，农业（特别是耕作）和放牧（特别是山羊）是造成河流集水区侵蚀的主要原因。结果之一是希腊/罗马港口盆地发生了严重淤积。该沉积物陷阱记录了人类的影响，从希腊化/罗马时代到公元前2世纪/公元前6世纪/第七世纪，拜占庭时代已大大增强了人类的影响，这体现在高沉积速率，重金属污染值[铅（Pb ），铜（Cu）]，果树花粉和肠道寄生虫的发生。从第一个千禧年中期到结尾，以弗所的影响力下降了，这导致了人类影响的减少。对地中海周围几个古代定居点的研究讲述了一个类似的故事。他们还证实，在最繁荣的时期，人类的影响完全盖过了气候。为了检测后者，必须对相对原始区域的地球生物档案进行详细调查。版权所有（c）2016 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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