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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >The effects of river restoration on catchment scale flood risk and flood hydrology
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The effects of river restoration on catchment scale flood risk and flood hydrology

机译：河流恢复对集水规模洪水风险和洪水水文学的影响

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A rising exposure to flood risk is a predicted consequence of increased development in vulnerable areas and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change. In the face of this challenge, a continued reliance on engineered at-a-point flood defences is seen as both unrealistic and undesirable. The contribution of soft engineering' solutions (e.g. riparian forests, wood in rivers) to integrated, catchment scale flood risk management has been demonstrated at small scales but not larger ones. In this study we use reduced complexity hydrological modelling to analyse the effects of land use and channel changes resulting from river restoration upon flood flows at the catchment scale. Results show short sections of river-floodplain restoration using engineered logjams, typical of many current restoration schemes, have highly variable impacts on catchment-scale flood peak magnitude and so need to be used with caution as a flood management solution. Forested floodplains have a more general impact upon flood hydrology, with areas in the middle and upper catchment tending to show reductions in peak magnitude at the catchment outflow. The most promising restoration scenarios for flood risk management are for riparian forest restoration at the sub-catchment scale, representing 20-40% of the total catchment area, where reductions in peak magnitude of up to 19% are observed through de-synchronization of the timings of sub-catchment flood waves. Sub-catchment floodplain forest restoration over 10-15% of total catchment area can lead to reductions in peak magnitude of 6% at 25years post-restoration. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：预计洪水风险的增加是脆弱地区发展增加以及由于气候变化导致的极端天气事件发生频率增加的结果。面对这一挑战，继续依赖工程设计的即时防洪系统被认为既不现实，也不可取。在较小规模但没有较大规模的情况下，已证明了软工程解决方案（例如河岸森林，河流中的木材）对集水区综合洪水风险管理的贡献。在这项研究中，我们使用降低复杂性的水文模型来分析由河流恢复引起的土地利用和河道变化对流域规模洪水的影响。结果表明，使用工程对流石进行河漫滩恢复的一小段是许多当前恢复方案中的典型现象，对流域规模洪水峰值具有很大的影响，因此在使用时应谨慎使用。森林泛滥平原对洪水水文的影响更为普遍，中上游流域的地区在流域汇流处的峰值趋于减小。洪灾风险管理最有前景的恢复方案是在亚汇水规模的河岸森林恢复，占总汇水面积的20-40％，其中通过降低水位的不同步性，观测到峰值降低了19％。次汇水洪水波的时间。在集水区恢复后的25年内，集水区次流域洪泛区森林恢复量超过总集水面积的10-15％，可导致峰值幅度减少6％。版权所有（c）2016 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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