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Contributions of the external field to the observatory annual means and a proposal for their corrections

机译：外地对天文台年度手段的贡献及其更正建议

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摘要

In this study we separate, interpret and explain magnetospheric and ionospheric signals present in the observatory annual means. The data from 46 European geomagnetic observatories collected over 42 years (1960-2001) are used. To characterise the various field components, we use predictions from latest magnetic field models. The core field and its secular variation are described by the CM4 model, and the magnetospheric contributions are successfully removed by parameterising the POMME model with the Dst index. We regard the remaining signal as being caused by ionospheric currents. The annual averages of the Sq variation estimated by the CM4 model are subtracted from the residuals. A remaining variation in anti-phase with the magnetic activity index Ap finally can be removed with a function properly scaled by Ap and Dst. We offer an objective procedure to suppress the external field contributions in the annual means to an uncertainty level of +/- 2 nT. Except for the ionospheric currents, this could be achieved by applying recent magnetic field models, which shows that the quality of present day models is sufficient to correct observatory data for average external field contributions. Understanding the signal contained in the annual means is a prerequisite for obtaining reliable and physically meaningful results when such data are used in studies of the core field and its secular variation.
机译：在这项研究中，我们分离，解释和解释了天文台年平均存在的磁层和电离层信号。使用了在42年间（1960-2001年）收集的来自46个欧洲地磁观测站的数据。为了表征各种磁场分量，我们使用最新磁场模型的预测。 CM4模型描述了核心场及其长期变化，通过用Dst指数对POMME模型进行参数化，成功地消除了磁层作用。我们认为其余信号是由电离层电流引起的。从残差中减去由CM4模型估算的Sq变化的年平均值。最终，可以利用由Ap和Dst适当缩放的函数来消除与磁活动指数Ap有关的反相的剩余变化。我们提供了一种客观的程序，以将年度平均值中的外部场贡献抑制到+/- 2 nT的不确定性水平。除电离层电流外，这可以通过应用最新的磁场模型来实现，这表明当今模型的质量足以校正观测数据，以获得平均外场贡献。当将此类数据用于核心领域及其长期变化的研究时，了解年度平均值中包含的信号是获得可靠且在物理上有意义的结果的前提。

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