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首页> 外文期刊>Earth-Science Reviews: The International Geological Journal Bridging the Gap between Research Articles and Textbooks >Similarities and differences in the historical records of lava dome-building volcanoes: Implications for understanding magmatic processes and eruption forecasting
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Similarities and differences in the historical records of lava dome-building volcanoes: Implications for understanding magmatic processes and eruption forecasting

机译：熔岩圆顶建造火山历史记录的异同：对理解岩浆过程和喷发预报的意义

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A key question for volcanic hazard assessment is the extent to which information can be exchanged between volcanoes. This question is particularly pertinent to hazard forecasting for dome-building volcanoes, where effusive activity may persist for years to decades, and may be punctuated by periods of repose, and sudden explosive activity. Here we review historical eruptive activity of fifteen lava dome-building volcanoes over the past two centuries, with the goal of creating a hierarchy of exchangeable (i.e., similar) behaviours. Eruptive behaviour is classified using empirical observations that include patterns of SO2 flux, eruption style, and magma composition. We identify two eruptive regimes: (i) an episodic regime where eruptions are much shorter than intervening periods of repose, and degassing is temporally correlated with lava effusion; and (ii) a persistent regime where eruptions are comparable in length to periods of repose and gas emissions do not correlate with eruption rates. A corollary to these two eruptive regimes is that there are also two different types of repose: (i) inter-eruptive repose separates episodic eruptions, and is characterised by negligible gas emissions and (ii) intra-eruptive repose is observed in persistently active volcanoes, and is characterised by continuous gas emissions. We suggest that these different patterns of can be used to infer vertical connectivity within mush-dominated magmatic systems. We also note that our recognition of two different types of repose raises questions about traditional definitions of historical volcanism as a point process. This is important, because the ontology of eruptive activity (that is, the definition of volcanic activity in time) influences both analysis of volcanic data and, by extension, interpretations of magmatic processes. Our analysis suggests that one identifying exchangeable traits or behaviours provides a starting point for developing robust ontologies of volcanic activity. Moreover, by linking eruptive regimes to conceptual models of magmatic processes, we illustrate a path towards developing a conceptual framework not only for comparing data between different volcanoes but also for improving forecasts of eruptive activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：火山灾害评估的一个关键问题是火山之间可以交换信息的程度。这个问题与圆顶清真寺的危险预测特别相关，在这里，喷射活动可能持续数年至数十年，并且可能因休止期和突然的爆炸活动而中断。在这里，我们回顾了过去两个世纪中十五座熔岩穹顶建造火山的历史喷发活动，目的是建立可交换（即相似）行为的层次结构。爆发行为通过经验观察进行分类，包括SO2通量，喷发方式和岩浆成分的模式。我们确定了两种喷发状态：（i）一种爆发状态，其中喷发要短于其间的休止期，并且脱气与熔岩喷出在时间上相关; （ii）持续性制度，其中爆发的时间长度可与休止期相媲美，而气体排放与爆发率无关。这两种喷发状态的推论是，还有两种不同类型的安息：（i）喷发间的静息将间歇性喷发分开，并且其特征是气体排放可忽略不计;（ii）在持续活跃的火山中观察到喷发内的静息，其特点是持续排放气体。我们建议这些不同的模式可以用来推断在以浆状为主的岩浆系统内的垂直连通性。我们还注意到，我们对两种不同类型的休止状态的认识提出了有关历史火山活动的传统定义（即过程）的问题。这很重要，因为喷发活动的本体（即火山活动的及时定义）既影响火山岩数据的分析，又影响岩浆过程的解释。我们的分析表明，一种可识别的可互换特征或行为为开发稳固的火山活动本体提供了起点。此外，通过将喷发机制与岩浆过程的概念模型联系起来，我们说明了一条发展概念框架的途径，该框架不仅用于比较不同火山之间的数据，而且用于改进对喷发活动的预测。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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