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机译：俄国

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On 1 January 1998 the new Ruble, equal to 1 000 RUB, was introduced. All prices, taxes and exchange rates shown are in New Rubles. General Tax (VAT): Prior to 1992, there was no VAT in Russia. The Soviet state budget was financed through a turnover tax and through confiscatory income tax on above-norm profits. Ex-tax prices refer to average producers' prices as shipped to the domestic Russian market, excluding value added tax, excises and other taxes not included into the prime cost, as well as excluding costs of transportation to the consumer.

机译：1998年1月1日，推出了新的卢布，金额为1000卢布。显示的所有价格，税费和汇率都在新卢布中。普通税（VAT）：1992年之前，俄罗斯没有增值税。苏联国家预算的资金来自流转税和超额利润的没收所得税。税前价格是指运往俄罗斯国内市场的生产者平均价格，其中不包括未包括在基本成本中的增值税，消费税和其他税项，以及向消费者的运输成本。

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《Energy prices and taxes》 |2004年第first期|共6页
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