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首页> 外文期刊>EMBO reports >ATM/ATR-mediated phosphorylation of PALB2 promotes RAD51 function
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ATM/ATR-mediated phosphorylation of PALB2 promotes RAD51 function

机译:ATM / ATR介导的PALB2磷酸化促进RAD51功能

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摘要

DNA damage activates the ATM and ATR kinases that coordinate checkpoint and DNA repair pathways. An essential step in homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA breaks is the formation of RAD51 nucleofilaments mediated by PALB2-BRCA2; however, roles of ATM and ATR in this critical step of HDR are poorly understood. Here, we show that PALB2 is markedly phosphorylated in response to genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation and hydroxyurea. This response is mediated by the ATM and ATR kinases through three N-terminal S/Q-sites in PALB2, the consensus target sites for ATM and ATR. Importantly, a phospho-deficient PALB2 mutant is unable to support proper RAD51 foci formation, a key PALB2 regulated repair event, whereas a phospho-mimicking PALB2 version supports RAD51 foci formation. Moreover, phospho-deficient PALB2 is less potent in HDR than wild-type PALB2. Further, this mutation reveals a separation in PALB2 function, as the PALB2-dependent checkpoint response is normal in cells expressing the phospho-deficient PALB2 mutant. Collectively, our findings highlight a critical importance of PALB2 phosphorylation as a novel regulatory step in genome maintenance after genotoxic stress.
机译:DNA损伤激活了协调检查点和DNA修复途径的ATM和ATR激酶。 DNA断裂的同源性定向修复(HDR)的重要步骤是由PALB2-BRCA2介导的RAD51核丝的形成。然而,人们对ATM和ATR在HDR这一关键步骤中的作用知之甚少。在这里,我们表明,PALB2被显着磷酸化以响应遗传毒性应力,例如电离辐射和羟基脲。该反应由ATM和ATR激酶通过PALB2中的三个N末端S / Q位点介导,这是ATM和ATR的共有靶位点。重要的是,磷酸缺乏的PALB2突变体不能支持正确的RAD51灶形成,这是关键的PALB2调控的修复事件,而模仿磷酸的PALB2版本则支持RAD51灶形成。此外,磷缺乏的PALB2在HDR中的效力不如野生型PALB2。此外,该突变揭示了PALB2功能的分离,因为依赖PALB2的检查点反应在表达磷酸缺失的PALB2突变体的细胞中是正常的。总的来说,我们的发现突出显示了PALB2磷酸化作为遗传毒性应激后基因组维持中新的调节步骤的至关重要性。

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