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Physiology of glucose homeostasis and insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

机译:1型和2型糖尿病患者体内葡萄糖稳态和胰岛素疗法的生理学

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An input-output schematization of plasma glucose homeostasis provides quantitative information on glucose fluxes and their control by insulin. Insulin action is dependent on the target tissue, the route of delivery, and the kinetics of insulin activation and deactivation, which are different for glucose production and disposal and are a function of insulin resistance. Under normal conditions, the closed-loop control of minute-by-minute insulin release by arterial glucose levels protects against both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Open-loop insulin therapy faces the complexities of insulin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Insulin therapy thus remains defiantly empiric.
机译:血浆葡萄糖稳态的输入输出示意图可提供有关葡萄糖通量及其通过胰岛素控制的定量信息。胰岛素作用取决于靶组织,递送途径以及胰岛素活化和失活的动力学,这对于葡萄糖的产生和处置而言是不同的,并且是胰岛素抵抗的函数。在正常情况下,通过动脉葡萄糖水平对胰岛素的逐分钟释放进行闭环控制可防止高血糖症和低血糖症。开环胰岛素治疗面临着胰岛素药代动力学和药效学的复杂性。因此,胰岛素疗法仍然是经验性的。

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