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Exfoliated graphite oxide modified electrode for the selective determination of picomolar concentration of lead

机译：片状氧化石墨修饰电极用于铅的皮摩尔浓度的选择性测定

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摘要

We report the selective, picomolar determination of lead(II) ions using exfoliated graphite oxide (EGO) modified glassy carbon electrode. Exfoliated graphite oxide is the oxidized form of exfoliated graphite containing, a variety of functional groups such as hydroxyl, phenolic and carboxyl groups. The EGO can be dispersed as a stable colloid in a wide range of pH, from 2 to 11. This leads to the flexibility of film formation on substrates and use of a variety of functional groups to complex lead ions. The analyte is preconcentrated and subsequently determined using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The factors influencing the determination of lead such as the pH of the analyte solution, preconcentration time and the thickness of EGO layer on the electrode surface have been optimized. Two linear ranges are observed between 1 mM and 10 mu m and 0.1 mu M and I pM for a 5 minute preconcentration time. The lowest detection limit is found to be 1 pM. The main advantages of the electrode are the ease of preparation of the modified electrode, low cost, sensitivity and selectivity. The analytical utility of the EGO modified electrode in the determination of lead is demonstrated by application to several water samples.
机译：我们报告使用脱落的氧化石墨（EGO）修饰的玻碳电极选择性，皮摩尔测定铅（II）离子。片状氧化石墨是片状石墨的氧化形式，其含有各种官能团，例如羟基，酚基和羧基。 EGO可以以稳定的胶体形式分散在2至11的广泛pH范围内。这可导致在基材上形成膜的灵活性以及使用各种官能团形成复杂的铅离子。对分析物进行预浓缩，然后使用差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法进行测定。优化了影响铅测定的因素，例如分析物溶液的pH，预浓缩时间和电极表面上EGO层的厚度。在5分钟的预浓缩时间内，观察到两个线性范围介于1 mM和10μm之间以及0.1μM和I pM之间。发现最低检测限为1 pM。电极的主要优点是修饰电极的制备容易，成本低，灵敏度和选择性高。 EGO修饰电极在测定铅中的分析效用通过应用于几种水样中得到证明。

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