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Stripping analysis at bismuth electrodes: A review

机译：铋电极上的剥离分析：综述

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摘要

For many years mercury electrodes were the transducer of choice in stripping voltammetry of trace metals owing to their high sensitivity, reproducibility, and renewability. However, because of the toxicity of mercury, alternative ('environmentally friendly') electrode materials are highly desired for both centralized and field applications. Recently introduced bismuth electrodes offer a very attractive alternative to commonly used mercury electrodes. Such electrodes display well-defined, undistorted and highly reproducible response, favorable resolution of neighboring peaks, high hydrogen evolution, with good signal-to-background characteristics comparable to those of common mercury electrodes. The attractive stripping behavior of bismuth electrodes reflects the ability of bismuth to form 'fused' multicomponent alloys with heavy metals. Bismuth stripping electrodes thus hold great promise for decentralized metal testing, with applications ranging from continuous remote sensing to single-use measurements. Fundamental studies aimed at understanding the behavior of bismuth film electrodes should lead to rational preparation and operation of reliable alternative ('non-mercury') stripping electrodes that would have a major impact upon electroanalysis of trace metals. This article reviews the development, behavior, scope and prospects of bismuth electrodes for stripping-based electrochemical measurements of trace metals.
机译：多年来，由于汞电极的高灵敏度，重现性和可再生性，它们一直是痕量金属溶出伏安法中的首选传感器。但是，由于汞的毒性，在集中式和现场应用中都非常需要替代（“环保”）电极材料。最近推出的铋电极为常用的汞电极提供了非常有吸引力的替代方法。此类电极显示出清晰，不失真且可高度重现的响应，相邻峰的良好拆分度，高氢释放量，并且具有与普通汞电极相当的良好的信噪比。铋电极吸引人的剥离行为反映了铋与重金属形成“融合”多组分合金的能力。因此，铋剥离电极对于分散金属测试具有广阔的前景，其应用范围从连续遥感到一次性测量。旨在了解铋膜电极行为的基础研究应导致合理准备和操作可靠的替代（“非汞”）剥离电极，这会对痕量金属的电分析产生重大影响。本文回顾了基于铋的基于痕量金属的电化学测量的铋电极的发展，行为，范围和前景。

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