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Carbon-nanotube based electrochemical biosensors: A review

机译：基于碳纳米管的电化学生物传感器：综述

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摘要

This review addresses recent advances in carbon-nanotubes (CNT) based electrochemical biosensors. The unique chemical and physical properties of CNT have paved the way to new and improved sensing devices, in general, and electrochemical biosensors, in particular. CNT-based electrochemical transducers offer substantial improvements in the performance of amperometric enzyme electrodes, immunosensors and nucleic-acid sensing devices. The greatly enhanced electrochemical reactivity of hydrogen peroxide and NADH at CNT-modified electrodes makes these nanomaterials extremely attractive for numerous oxidase- and dehydrogenase-based amperometric biosensors. Aligned CNT "forests" can act as molecular wires to allow efficient electron transfer between the underlying electrode and the redox centers of enzymes. Bioaffinity devices utilizing enzyme tags can greatly benefit from the enhanced response of the biocatalytic-reaction product at the CNT transducer and from CNT amplification platforms carrying multiple tags. Common designs of CNT-based biosensors are discussed, along with practical examples of such devices. The successful realization of CNT-based biosensors requires proper control of their chemical and physical properties, as well as their functionalization and surface immobilization.
机译：这项审查解决基于碳纳米管（CNT）的电化学生物传感器的最新进展。 CNT独特的化学和物理特性为新型和改进的传感设备（尤其是电化学生物传感器）铺平了道路。基于CNT的电化学换能器在安培酶电极，免疫传感器和核酸传感设备的性能方面提供了实质性的改进。过氧化氢和NADH在CNT修饰电极上的电化学反应活性大大增强，使得这些纳米材料对众多基于氧化酶和脱氢酶的电流型生物传感器极具吸引力。对齐的CNT“森林”可以充当分子导线，以允许在下面的电极和酶的氧化还原中心之间进行有效的电子转移。利用酶标签的生物亲和设备可以极大地受益于CNT换能器的生物催化反应产物的增强响应，以及携带多个标签的CNT扩增平台。讨论了基于CNT的生物传感器的常见设计，以及此类设备的实际示例。基于CNT的生物传感器的成功实现需要对其化学和物理特性以及其功能化和表面固定的适当控制。

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