The environment is now a factor that must be considered in every aspect of strategy, design, and business planning. This article presents a framework for integrating environmental performance with economic objectives using an integrated life-cycle modeling approach. The approach incorporates total product life-cycle analysis and value-chain analysis to obtain a complete evaluation of the environmental costs associated with manufacturing a product. The application of the approach can assistmanufacturers in their efforts to comply with legal directives and offers the potential for enhancing competitive advantage.
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