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Linear stochastic thermodynamics

机译：线性随机热力学

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摘要

We study the thermodynamics of open systems weakly driven out-of-equilibrium by nonconservative and time-dependent forces using the linear regime of stochastic thermodynamics. We make use of conservation laws to identify the potential and nonconservative components of the forces. This allows us to formulate a unified near-equilibrium thermodynamics. For nonequilibrium steady states, we obtain an Onsager theory ensuring nonsingular response matrices that is consistent with phenomenological linear irreversible thermodynamics. For time-dependent driving protocols that do not produce nonconservative forces, we identify the equilibrium ensemble from which Green-Kubo relations are recovered. For arbitrary periodic drivings, the averaged entropy production (EP) is expressed as an independent sum over each driving frequency of non-negative contributions. These contributions are bilinear in the nonconservative and conservative forces and involve a novel generalized Onsager matrix that is symmetric. In the most general case of arbitrary time-dependent drivings, we advance a novel decomposition of the EP rate into two non-negative contributions-one solely due to nonconservative forces and the other solely due to deviation from the instantaneous steady-state-directly implying a minimum EP principle close to equilibrium. This setting reveals the geometric structure of near-equilibrium thermodynamics and generalizes previous approaches to cases with nonconservative forces.
机译：我们使用随机热力学的线性状态研究了由非保守和瞬态力弱驱动失去平衡的开放系统的热力学。我们利用守恒定律来识别力的潜在和非保守成分。这使我们能够制定一个统一的近平衡热力学。对于非平衡稳态，我们得到了一个 Onsager 理论，确保非奇异响应矩阵与现象学线性不可逆热力学一致。对于不产生非保守力的瞬态驱动协议，我们确定了从中恢复Green-Kubo关系的平衡集合。对于任意周期性驱动，平均熵产生 （EP） 表示为非负贡献的每个驱动频率的独立和。这些贡献在非保守力和保守力中是双线性的，并且涉及对称的新型广义 Onsager 矩阵。在任意瞬态驱动的最一般情况下，我们将 EP 速率分解为两个非负贡献——一个完全是由于非保守力，另一个完全是由于偏离瞬时稳态——直接意味着接近平衡的最小 EP 原理。该设置揭示了近平衡热力学的几何结构，并推广了以前对非保守力情况的方法。

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