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首页> 外文期刊>Engineering failure analysis >Development of penetration resistance in the survival cell of a Formula 1 racing car
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Development of penetration resistance in the survival cell of a Formula 1 racing car

机译：在一级方程式赛车的生存单元中增强抗穿透性

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摘要

The success of composite materials in providing stiffness efficiencies and weight reduction in Formula 1 cars is well documented. Much of the sport's improved safety record in recent years derives from the controlled fracture behaviour of composite materials. Research and understanding of the impact and fracture behaviour of these materials has enabled the design of a sophisticated driver protection system into the vehicles' structure at minimum weight penalty. The chassis itself has evolved into a "survival cell" capable of tolerating damage from minor incidents whilst at the same time being able to protect the driver in the event of a major impact. Combined with this are specialised structural devices designed to absorb large amounts of energy per unit mass by controlled fracture and disintegration. A number of safety issues were raised by injuries caused to drivers by Foreign Object Damage. This generally involved penetration of the survival cell by broken pieces from theirs or other competitors' vehicles. In an attempt to combat this potentially very dangerous occurrence, a "side intrusion" test was been introduced. Each team is required to submit a panel for testing which is representative of the construction of their monocoque. The centre of the panel is loaded by a special device. A minimum load must be reached prior to full penetration, coupled with the absorption of a minimum amount of energy. The pass criteria for the test also stipulate a non-catastrophic failure mode. The introduction of mandatory safety tests has resulted in chassis design becoming increasingly dominated by strength considerations. The fracture mechanics of the composite materials used strongly influence the ability of the structure to meet the requirements of the regulations. The penetration test tends to be periodically made more stringent (as indeed are the other safety tests) requiring greater loads and energy absorption. The various factors involved in resisting penetration of the survival cell are discussed along with a review of the appropriateness of the test to increased survivability of the driver.
机译：复合材料在提高一级方程式赛车的刚度效率和减轻重量方面取得了成功的记录。近年来，这项运动在安全性方面的改善大部分来自复合材料的受控断裂行为。通过对这些材料的冲击和断裂行为的研究和了解，可以以最小的重量损失将先进的驾驶员保护系统设计到车辆的结构中。底盘本身已经演变成一个“生存单元”，能够承受轻微事故的损害，同时在发生重大撞击时能够保护驾驶员。与此结合的是专门设计的结构装置，旨在通过控制断裂和崩解来吸收每单位质量的大量能量。异物损坏对驾驶员造成的伤害引发了许多安全问题。这通常涉及生存细胞被来自其或其他竞争对手的车辆的破损碎片穿透。为了应对这种潜在的非常危险的事件，引入了“侧面入侵”测试。每个团队都必须提交一个测试小组，以代表其单体外壳的构造。面板的中心由特殊设备加载。在完全渗透之前必须达到最小负载，并吸收最小量的能量。测试的通过标准还规定了非灾难性故障模式。强制性安全测试的引入已导致底盘设计越来越受到强度考虑的支配。所使用的复合材料的断裂力学极大地影响了结构满足法规要求的能力。渗透测试往往会定期进行更严格的测试（其他安全测试也确实如此），需要更大的负载和更多的能量吸收。讨论了抵抗生存细胞穿透的各种因素，并审查了测试对提高驾驶员生存能力的适用性。

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