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Failure analysis of bolted joints: Effect of friction coefficients in torque-preloading relationship

机译：螺栓连接的失效分析：摩擦系数对扭矩-预紧关系的影响

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摘要

The aim of this study is to provide an experimental methodology useful to determine the friction coefficients in bolted joints and, therefore, to relate precisely the tightening torque to the preloading force. The components under investigation are clamped joints made of aluminium alloy and used in front motorbike suspensions to connect steering plates and legs, or legs and the wheel pin: static failures of clamps occurred during the tightening, because of the bending stress introduced by the preloading forces. Some specific specimens have been appropriately designed and realised with the same process of the actual components. The bolt torque is given by a torque wrench whereas the preloading force has been evaluated by means of a strain gauge. The overall friction coefficient and the torque coefficient (nut factor) have been calculated. Experimental tests have been carried out by applying the Design of Experiment method in order to obtain an accurate mathematical model that involves the significant friction variables and their interactions. Then, results of present study have been applied to actual components: the tightening torque has been precisely related to the preloading force by means of the friction coefficients definition and the tensile state of clamps have been evaluated both experimentally (strain gauges) and numerically (FEA) in order to shed light on the failures which occurred during the tightening.
机译：这项研究的目的是提供一种实验方法，该方法可用于确定螺栓接头的摩擦系数，从而将拧紧扭矩与预紧力精确关联。所研究的部件是铝合金制的夹紧接头，用于前摩托车悬架，用于连接转向盘和支腿，或支腿和车轮销：由于预紧力导致的弯曲应力，在拧紧过程中发生了夹具的静态故障。 。一些特定的标本已经通过与实际组件相同的过程进行了适当的设计和实现。螺栓扭矩由扭矩扳手提供，而预紧力已通过应变仪评估。已经计算了总摩擦系数和扭矩系数（螺母系数）。通过应用“实验设计”方法进行了实验测试，以获得包含重要摩擦变量及其相互作用的准确数学模型。然后，将本研究的结果应用于实际组件：通过定义摩擦系数，将紧固扭矩与预紧力精确关联，并通过实验（应变仪）和数值（FEA）评估了夹具的拉伸状态），以了解拧紧过程中发生的故障。

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