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首页> 外文期刊>Engineering Fracture Mechanics >Effect of pore pressure gradient on fracture initiation in fluid saturated porous media: Rock
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Effect of pore pressure gradient on fracture initiation in fluid saturated porous media: Rock

机译：孔隙压力梯度对流体饱和多孔介质中裂缝萌生的影响：岩石

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摘要

There are infinite number of small pores at inside of almost rocks, while the pore's shape and the interconnectivity among the pores are dependent on the type of rocks. The existence of such pores brings special feature in mechanical behavior of rocks, different to cases of other materials. For the case when the pressure in a drilled borehole is raised by fluid injection into the borehole in hydraulic fracturing carried out for rock stress measurements, the fluid penetrates through the interconnected pores into a rock from the borehole wall, and the fluid penetration develops the change in pore pressure, i.e., fluid pressure in the pore. The developed pore pressure distribution causes a circumferential stress in compression around the borehole, where the mechanics to cause the additional stress is analogous to thermal stress. Furthermore, the pore pressure affects to loose strength in failure following the Terzaghi effective stress law. The point stress criterion can be applied to predict tensile failure of rock occurring in such complicated conditions. Then we should assume that the fracture initiation occurs when the maximum effective stress reaches the tensile strength of a rock at a point that is not on the borehole wall but is inside the rock. This approach allows us to interpret quantitatively strange phenomena associated with fluid permeation such that breakdown pressure, i.e., a critical borehole pressure to cause the tensile failure, increases with the rate of borehole pressurization.
机译：在几乎岩石内部，有无数的小孔隙，而孔隙的形状和孔隙之间的相互关系取决于岩石的类型。这些孔隙的存在为岩石的力学行为带来了特殊的特征，这与其他材料的情况不同。对于在进行岩石应力测量而进行的水力压裂过程中，通过向井眼中注入流体将钻井中的压力升高的情况下，流体会通过互连的孔隙从井眼壁渗透到岩石中，并且流体渗透会引起变化孔隙压力，即孔隙中的流体压力。产生的孔隙压力分布在井眼周围的压缩过程中引起周向应力，在此处引起额外应力的机理类似于热应力。此外，遵循Terzaghi有效应力定律，孔隙压力会影响失效强度的降低。点应力准则可用于预测在这种复杂条件下发生的岩石拉伸破坏。那么我们应该假设，当最大有效应力达到岩石的抗拉强度时，在不位于井壁上但位于岩石内部的点处就发生了破裂。这种方法使我们能够定量地解释与流体渗透有关的奇怪现象，使得击穿压力，即引起拉伸破坏的临界井眼压力，随井眼加压速度的增加而增加。

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