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首页> 外文期刊>BioFactors >Immunopathological effects of malaria pigment or hemozoin and other crystals
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Immunopathological effects of malaria pigment or hemozoin and other crystals

机译：疟疾色素或血红蛋白及其他晶体的免疫病理作用

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摘要

Blood-stage malaria parasites produce insoluble hemozoin (Hz) crystals that are released in the blood circulation upon schizont rupture. In general, endogenous crystal formation or inhalation of crystalline materials is often associated with pathology. As the immune system responds differently to crystalline particles than to soluble molecules, in this review, the properties, immunological recognition, and pathogenic responses of Hz are discussed, and compared with two other major pathogenic crystals, monosodium urate (MSU) and asbestos. Because of the size and shape of MSU crystals and asbestos fibers, phagolysosomal formation is inefficient and often results in leakage of lysosomal content in the cell cytoplasm and/or in the extracellular environment with subsequent cell damage and cell death. Phagolysosomal formation after Hz ingestion is normal, but Hz remains stored inside these cells for months or even longer without any detectable degradation. Nonetheless, the different types of crystals are recognized by similar immune receptors, involving Toll-like receptors, the inflammasome, antibodies, and/or complement factors, and through similar signaling cascades, they activate both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses that contribute to inflammation-associated pathology.
机译：血源性疟疾寄生虫会产生不可溶的血红蛋白（Hz）晶体，在裂殖体破裂后会在血液循环中释放出来。通常，内源性晶体的形成或结晶物质的吸入通常与病理有关。由于免疫系统对晶体颗粒的反应与对可溶性分子的反应不同，因此在本文中，我们讨论了Hz的特性，免疫识别和致病性反应，并将其与其他两个主要致病性晶体尿酸一钠（MSU）和石棉进行了比较。由于MSU晶体和石棉纤维的大小和形状，吞噬溶酶体的形成效率低下，并经常导致溶酶体含量在细胞质和/或细胞外环境中泄漏，继而造成细胞损伤和细胞死亡。摄入Hz后，吞噬体的形成是正常的，但Hz仍可在这些细胞中保存数月甚至更长，而没有任何可检测到的降解。然而，不同类型的晶体可以被类似的免疫受体识别，包括Toll样受体，炎性小体，抗体和/或补体因子，并通过类似的信号级联反应，激活促炎和抗炎免疫反应，从而促进炎症相关病理。

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