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Marine Genetic Resources beyond National Jurisdiction- Coordination and Harmonisation of Governance Regimes -

机译：国家管辖范围以外的海洋遗传资源-治理制度的协调与统一-

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摘要

This paper seeks to address just one type of marine genetic resources (MGRs): the ones that are found "beyond national jurisdiction", that is to say beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.Marine genetic resources in areas under national jurisdiction are regulated by national laws and by the international treaties ratified by the relevant States. MGRs that are beyond national jurisdiction, however, are not comprehensively regulated by anyexisting regime. For some years now, the international community has been discussing the legal status of those resources in several fora, but no agreement has been reached. Beyond the debate on legal definitions, countries are hiding a tendency to postpone the real issue: the regulation of the concrete management of these resources, their exploration and exploitation. The utilisation of MGRs beyond national jurisdiction needs to be regulated within the framework of an international regime, in the widest sense of an international framework of management, that could be made up of soft law and voluntary measures at first, leading to more structured and legally binding measures. Until this new regime is established, existing regulatory and governance gapsshould be overcome by coordinating the law of the sea and the biodiversity regimes, and by harmonising the biodiversity and the intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes.
机译：本文旨在解决仅一种类型的海洋遗传资源（MGR）：“超出国家管辖范围”的海洋遗传资源，也就是说，距基线的200海里以内测量领海的宽度。国家管辖范围内的遗传资源受国家法律和有关国家批准的国际条约的约束。但是，超出国家管辖范围的MGR不受任何现有制度的全面监管。多年来，国际社会一直在几个论坛上讨论这些资源的法律地位，但尚未达成协议。除了关于法律定义的辩论之外，各国还隐藏了推迟实际问题的趋势：对这些资源的具体管理，勘探和开发进行监管。需要从国际管理框架的最广泛意义上，在一个国际制度的框架内，对一种国家管辖范围以外的微生物遗传资源的利用进行监管，这首先可以由软法和自愿措施组成，从而导致结构化和法律化约束措施。在建立新制度之前，应通过协调海洋法和生物多样性制度以及协调生物多样性和知识产权制度来克服现有的监管和治理差距。

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