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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental science & policy >Tradeoffs, synergies and traps among ecosystem services in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa
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Tradeoffs, synergies and traps among ecosystem services in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa

机译：东非维多利亚湖流域生态系统服务之间的权衡，协同作用和陷阱

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Lake Victoria is a crucial ecosystem for over 25 million people in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi who live in the basin, and for the greater Nile river system downstream of the lake. Ecosystem management in the Lake Victoria basin has been highly extractive for most of the last 60 years, with the 1990s a period of marked decline in food production, economic contraction, rising poverty, increased burden of human disease, and more frequent floods. Lake Victoria itself is becoming eutrophic, with related problems of species extinctions and invasive species. There is evidence of poverty-environment traps: some households and areas appear to be caught in vicious cycles of low income, low investment in soil management, declines in soil fertility, and soil loss, while other households and areas are able to achieve higher incomes and investments, maintain soil fertility, and conserve soil on their farms. Concepts and approaches from the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) were applied in a study of ecosystem service tradeoffs, synergies and traps in two of the river basins that flow into Lake Victoria from Kenya (Yala and Nyando). Hydrologic units are the main geographic unit used in the analysis, with predictions of sediment yield serving as the main measure of regulating services. Provisioning services are evaluated through a spatially disaggregated analysis of agricultural production, yield and area that combines spatial data from aerial photographs with division-level price and yield estimates. The results illustrate considerable year-to-year variation in land use, agricultural production and sediment yield in the two basins. While overall production appears to be relatively stable at the basin level, there have been shifts in the geographic locus of production toward the upper parts of both basins. A spatial overlay of production and sediment yield indicates that different parts of the basins exhibit tradeoffs, synergies and traps. Results from this study have multiple uses in rural planning, agricultural investment, and watershed management. The results also suggest that the poverty traps conceptual framework may help to enrich the interpretative content of the MA approach. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：维多利亚湖是至关重要的生态系统，对生活在流域的肯尼亚，乌干达，坦桑尼亚，卢旺达和布隆迪的2500万人以及该湖下游更大的尼罗河系统来说，是至关重要的生态系统。在过去60年的大部分时间里，维多利亚湖流域的生态系统管理一直处于高度采摘状态，1990年代是粮食产量显着下降，经济萎缩，贫困加剧，人类疾病负担增加和洪水频发的时期。维多利亚湖本身正在变得富营养化，并伴有物种灭绝和入侵物种的相关问题。有证据表明存在贫困环境陷阱：一些家庭和地区陷入了低收入，土壤管理投资少，土壤肥力下降和土壤流失的恶性循环，而其他家庭和地区则能够获得更高的收入和投资，保持土壤肥力，并保护农场的土壤。千年生态系统评估（MA）的概念和方法被用于研究从肯尼亚流入维多利亚湖的两个流域中的生态系统服务权衡，协同作用和陷阱（Yala和Nyando）。水文单位是分析中使用的主要地理单位，对沉积物产量的预测是调节服务的主要手段。通过对农业生产，产量和面积进行空间分解分析来评估供应服务，该分析将航拍照片中的空间数据与部门级价格和产量估算结合起来。结果表明，这两个流域的土地利用，农业生产和沉积物产量逐年变化很大。尽管流域一级的总体产量似乎相对稳定，但生产的地理区域已经向两个流域的上部转移。产量和沉积物产量的空间叠加表明，盆地的不同部分表现出权衡，协同作用和陷阱。这项研究的结果在农村规划，农业投资和流域管理中具有多种用途。结果还表明，贫困陷阱概念框架可能有助于丰富MA方法的解释内容。 （C）2008 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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