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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental and experimental botany >Assessment of soil salinization risks under irrigation with brackish water in semiarid Tunisia. (Special Issue: Sustainable cultivation and exploitation of halophyte crops in a salinizing world.)
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Assessment of soil salinization risks under irrigation with brackish water in semiarid Tunisia. (Special Issue: Sustainable cultivation and exploitation of halophyte crops in a salinizing world.)

机译：在半干旱突尼斯用微咸水灌溉下的土壤盐渍化风险评估。 （特刊：盐碱化世界中盐生植物的可持续种植和开发。）

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The salinity problem is becoming increasingly widespread in arid countries. In semiarid Tunisia about 50% of the irrigated land is considered as highly sensitive to salinization. To avoid the risk of salinization, it is important to control the soil salinity and keep it below plant salinity tolerance thresholds. The objective of the present study was to provide farmers and rural development offices with a tool and methodology for predicting, monitoring of soil salinity for a better agronomical strategy. The experiments were carried out in the highly complex and heterogeneous semiarid Kalaat Landalous irrigated district of Tunisia. The field and laboratory measurements of soil and water properties were conducted in 1989 and 2006 at different observation scales (2900 ha, 1400 ha, 5200 m long transect, and soil profiles). Seventeen years of reclamation of a saline and waterlogged soil led to the reduction of average electrical conductivity of the soil saturated paste extract (ECe), measured at 5 soil depths (from 0 to 2 m) below the plant salt tolerance threshold and the dilution of groundwater salinity from 18.3 to 6.6 dS m-1. The variation in soil salt storage ( Delta Mss=Mss2006 - Mss1989) in the vadose zone was negative, equal to about -145x103 ton (~-50 ton ha-1). During the same period, the salt balance (Siw-Sdw) estimated from the input dissolved salt brought by irrigation water (Siw) and output salts exported by the drainage network (Sdw) was equal to -685x106 kg and the Sdw was 945x106 kg. Under irrigation and efficient drainage, the soil salinization could be considered as a reversible process. At the transect scale, the high clay content and the exchangeable sodium percentage was negatively correlated to saturated hydraulic conductivity. The textural stratification, observed at soil profile scale, favors accumulation of salt in the soil. Based on the findings related to the multiscale assessment of soil salinity and groundwater properties, soil salinization factors were identified and a soil salinization risk map (SRU) was elaborated. The shallow groundwater constitutes the main risk of soil salinization. This map can be used by both land planners and farmers to make appropriate decisions related to crop production, and soil and water management.
机译：盐度问题在干旱国家越来越普遍。在突尼斯半干旱地区，大约50％的灌溉土地被视为对盐碱化高度敏感。为避免盐碱化的风险，控制土壤盐碱度并使其低于植物盐碱度耐受阈值非常重要。本研究的目的是为农民和农村发展办公室提供一种预测和监测土壤盐分的工具和方法，以制定更好的农艺策略。实验在突尼斯的高度复杂且异质的半干旱Kalaat Landalous灌溉区进行。分别在1989年和2006年以不同的观察尺度（2900公顷，1400公顷，5200 m长的样带和土壤剖面）进行了土壤和水质的野外和实验室测量。在盐渍和淹水的土壤中开垦十七年，导致土壤饱和糊状提取物（ECe）的平均电导率降低，该值在低于植物耐盐性阈值的5个土壤深度（0至2 m）处测得，并稀释。地下水盐度从18.3到6.6 dS m -1 。渗流带土壤盐分储量的变化（Delta Mss = Mss 2006 -Mss 1989 ）为负，大约为-145x10 3 吨（〜-50吨ha -1 ）。同期，由灌溉水（Siw）带来的输入溶解盐和排水网络（Sdw）排出的输出盐估计的盐分平衡（Siw-Sdw）等于-685x10 6 kg和Sdw为945x10 6 kg。在灌溉和有效排水的情况下，土壤盐渍化可以被视为可逆过程。在横断面尺度上，高粘土含量和可交换钠含量与饱和导水率负相关。在土壤剖面尺度上观察到的质地分层有利于土壤中盐分的积累。基于与土壤盐分和地下水特性的多尺度评估有关的发现，确定了土壤盐分化因子并绘制了土壤盐分化风险图（SRU）。浅层地下水是土壤盐碱化的主要风险。土地规划师和农民都可以使用此地图来做出与作物生产以及土壤和水管理有关的适当决策。

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