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首页> 外文期刊>Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology >Carbohydrate metabolism in exercising horses.
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Carbohydrate metabolism in exercising horses.

机译：锻炼马匹中的碳水化合物代谢。

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Carbohydrate and fat are the predominant sources of energy during exercise in mammals. Carbohydrates, such as muscle glycogen and plasma glucose, and fats from adipose tissue and intramuscular triglycerides are oxidized during exercise in amounts and proportions that vary depending on the exercise intensity, level of fitness and nutritional status. In horses, muscle glycogen, and to a lesser extent plasma glucose, are oxidized in substantial amounts during low-, moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Carbohydrate availability to skeletal muscle affects exercise performance in humans, however this relationship is not well outlined in horses. Glucose supplementation by intravenous administration during exercise in horses increases duration of moderate-intensity exercise. However, the effect of glucose supplementation by ingestion of a soluble carbohydrate-rich meal prior to exercise on athletic performance has not been established in horses. Low muscle glycogen concentrations prior to exercise in horses are associated with decreased time to exhaustion at moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Nutritional interventions intended to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis have proved less successful in horses than in other species. Replenishment of muscle glycogen after strenuous exercise in horses is not complete until 48-72 h after exercise, whereas in humans and laboratory animals it is complete by 24 h. The slower rate of muscle glycogen replenishment after exercise in horses may be related to an inherent lower ability to digest starch and other sources of glucose, a lower ability to synthesize muscle glycogen, or both. The aim of this review is to describe the present understanding of carbohydrate metabolism in the exercising horse, its implications on nutrition and athletic performance, and to contrast it with that in other species.
机译：碳水化合物和脂肪是哺乳动物运动过程中的主要能量来源。诸如肌肉糖原和血浆葡萄糖之类的碳水化合物以及来自脂肪组织和肌内甘油三酸酯的脂肪在运动期间被氧化，其数量和比例根据运动强度，健身水平和营养状况而变化。在马匹中，低强度，中强度和高强度运动期间，肌肉糖原和血浆葡萄糖在很大程度上被氧化。骨骼肌的碳水化合物可用性会影响人类的运动表现，但是在马匹中这种关系尚未得到很好的概括。在马匹运动期间通过静脉内给药补充葡萄糖会增加中等强度运动的持续时间。但是，在马匹中尚未确定在运动前通过摄入富含可溶性碳水化合物的可溶性膳食补充葡萄糖对运动成绩的影响。马匹运动前肌肉糖原浓度低，与中等强度和高强度运动时的疲惫时间减少有关。事实证明，旨在增强肌肉糖原再合成的营养干预措施在马匹中没有其他物种那么成功。马匹剧烈运动后肌肉糖原的补充要到运动后48-72小时才能完成，而在人和实验动物中，它要在24小时后才能完成。马匹运动后肌肉糖原补充的速度较慢可能与内在消化淀粉和其他葡萄糖来源的能力较低，合成肌肉糖原的能力较低或两者有关。这篇综述的目的是描述目前对运动马中碳水化合物代谢的理解，其对营养和运动表现的影响，并将其与其他物种进行对比。

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