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首页> 外文期刊>Entomological Review >Life Cycles and Production of Three Predatory Stonefly Species (Plecoptera, Insecta) in the Kedrovaya River (Southern Primorskii Territory)
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Life Cycles and Production of Three Predatory Stonefly Species (Plecoptera, Insecta) in the Kedrovaya River (Southern Primorskii Territory)

机译：Kedrovaya河（南滨海边疆区）中三种捕食性石蝇物种（Plecoptera，Insecta）的生命周期和生产

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摘要

The life cycles and production of populations of the predatory stoneflies Skwala compacta, Stavsolus manchuricus, and Kamimuria exilis were studied in the Kedrovaya salmon stream (the Kedrovaya Pad Reserve, the south of Primorskii Territory). Skwala compacta and S. manchuricus are univoltine with direct embryonic development and slow nymphal growth during 311 and 294 days, respectively, including winter growth at low water temperatures. The life history of S. compacta was characterized by synchronousemergence and population recruitment, an uninterrupted increase in the nymphal body weight from May to September, rapid growth in October-November, and a sustained weight gain during the winter months until emergence in April-May. The life history of S.manchuricus was characterized by an extended period of emergence in May-July and recruitment from July to September, as well as by a wide range of size-age parameters, presumably related to the specificity of the reproductive system in adults and an external growth delay at early nymphal instars caused by high water temperatures in late summer and early autumn. Nymphs of S. manchuricus grew actively at 0.2°C during winter, which gave this species a competitive advantage over S. compacta and K. exiliswhose growth was slow or absent in winter months. The semivoltine life cycle of K. exilis included a 9-month embryonic diapause and lasted about 4 years with periods of winter nymphal quiescence from December to February. Extended emergence and oviposition were recorded from the end of July to September. The population of K. exilis had a complex structure comprising 3 cohorts whose size ranges overlapped due to the extended flight period and recruitment of the new-generation nymphs in the spring of thenext year. Nymphs of K. exilis grew fast during the warm period, when S. compacta and S. manchuricus were only appearing in the stream or underwent growth delay at relatively high water temperatures. The annual production of three species varied from 0.045 to 0.383 g/m~2 dry mass, PIB_(meam) was 1.1-6.9; P/B_(coh) = 6.2-9.1, and P/B_(year) = 4.1-9.4. Low values of P/B_(mean) and P/B_(year) were found in the semivoltine K. exilis, and high ones, in the univoltine S. compacta. The latter had a higher cohort-specific growth rate while its specific production was 0.026 day-1. The population of K. exilis had low values of the cohort-specific growth rate (0.013 day~(-1)) and specific production (0.004 day~(-1)1). The highest production was observed in the population of S. manchuricus where nymphs grew at a specific rate of 0.023 day~(-1) while their mean density reached 59 ind./m~2.
机译：在Kedrovaya鲑鱼流（滨海边疆区南部的Kedrovaya Pad Reserve）中研究了捕食性石蝇Skwala compacta，Stavsolus manchuricus和Kamimuria exilis的生命周期和种群生产。 Skwala compacta和S. manchuricus是单电压的，分别在311天和294天期间具有直接的胚胎发育和缓慢的若虫生长，包括在低水温下的冬季生长。致密性链球菌的生活史以同步出现和种群募集为特征，从五月到九月不死虫的体重不断增加，在十月到十一月迅速增长，并且在冬季一直持续增加体重直到四月到五月出现。 。五味子的生命史的特征是五月至七月的出现时间延长，七月至九月的募集，以及各种各样的体型年龄参数，大概与成年人生殖系统的特异性有关夏末和初秋的高水温引起的若虫幼虫外部生长延迟。冬季，若虫在0.2°C时活跃生长，这使该物种相对于紧凑型链球菌和蠕形克雷伯氏菌具有竞争优势，而后者冬季的生长缓慢或不存在。 ex。K. exilis的半伏生命周期包括9个月的胚胎滞育，持续了大约4年，从12月到2月为冬季若虫休眠期。从7月底到9月，出现了更多的出现和产卵。 ex。K. exilis种群具有复杂的结构，包括3个队列，这些队列的大小范围由于飞行时间延长和次年春季新生若虫的募集而重叠。在温暖的时期，流苏假单胞菌的若虫生长迅速，那时致密链霉菌和满支链霉菌仅出现在溪流中或在相对较高的水温下经历生长延迟。 3个品种的年产量在0.045至0.383 g / m〜2干重之间，PIB_（meam）为1.1-6.9; P / B_（coh）= 6.2-9.1，P / B_（年）= 4.1-9.4。在半伏克氏梭菌中发现低值的P / B_（平均值）和P / B_（年），而在单伏性紧凑链霉菌中发现较高的值。后者具有较高的队列特定增长率，而其特定产量为0.026天-1。 ex。K. exilis种群的队列特定增长率（0.013天〜（-1））和特定生产量（0.004天〜（-1）1）较低。在曼氏链球菌种群中观察到最高的产量，其中若虫以0.023天〜（-1）的特定速率增长，而平均密度达到59 ind./m~2。

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