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Degradation of typical antibiotics during human feces aerobic composting under different temperatures

机译：不同温度下人粪有氧堆肥过程中典型抗生素的降解

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摘要

Four typical antibiotics were added to human feces for aerobic composting using batch reactors with sawdust as the bulk matrix. Under three composting temperatures (room temperature, 35 +/- 2 degrees C and 55 +/- 2 degrees C), decreases in the extractable concentrations of antibiotics in the compost were monitored for 20 days. As a result, the removals of extractable tetracycline and chlortetracycline were found to be more temperature-dependent than the removals of sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin. However, more than 90 % of all of the extractable antibiotics were removed at 55 +/- 2 degrees C. Three specific experiments were further conducted to identify the possible actions for antibiotic removal, including self-degradation in aqueous solution, composting with a moist sterile sawdust matrix without adding feces and composting with human feces and moist sterile sawdust. As a result, it was found that the removal of tetracycline and chlortetracycline was mainly due to chemical degradation in water, whereas the removal of sulfadiazine was mainly attributed to adsorption onto sawdust particles. The microbial activity of compost varied with temperature to a certain extent, but the differences were insignificant among different antibiotics. Although microbial action is important for organic matter decomposition, its contribution to antibiotic degradation was small for the investigated antibiotics, except for ciprofloxacin, which was degraded by up to 20 % due to microbial action.
机译：使用以木屑为主体的间歇式反应器，将四种典型的抗生素添加到人粪便中进行好氧堆肥。在三个堆肥温度下（室温，35 +/- 2摄氏度和55 +/- 2摄氏度），监测堆肥中抗生素的可提取浓度降低情况，持续20天。结果，发现可去除的四环素和金霉素比去除磺胺嘧啶和环丙沙星的温度依赖性更大。但是，在55 +/- 2摄氏度下去除了超过90％的所有可提取抗生素。进一步进行了三个具体实验，以确定可能去除抗生素的作用，包括水溶液中的自降解，潮湿堆肥。无菌木屑基质，无需添加粪便，也不会与人粪便和潮湿的无菌木屑堆肥。结果，发现四环素和金霉素的去除主要是由于在水中的化学降解，而磺胺嘧啶的去除主要是由于吸附在锯末颗粒上。堆肥的微生物活性随温度有一定程度的变化，但不同抗生素之间差异不明显。尽管微生物作用对有机物的分解很重要，但除环丙沙星外，由于微生物作用，其对抗生素降解的贡献很小，除了环丙沙星外，环丙沙星的降解作用高达20％。

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