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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science and Pollution Research >Metal-based particles in human amniotic fluids of fetuses with normal karyotype and congenital malformation-a pilot study
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Metal-based particles in human amniotic fluids of fetuses with normal karyotype and congenital malformation-a pilot study

机译：具有正常核型和先天性畸形的胎儿的人羊水中的金属基颗粒-初步研究

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This study explores the inorganic composition of amniotic fluid in healthy human fetuses and fetuses with congenital malformation with a special attention to presence of metal-based solid particles. Amniotic fluid originates from maternal blood and provides fetus mechanical protection and nutrients. In spite of this crucial role, the environmental impact on the composition of amniotic fluid remains poorly studied. The samples of human amniotic fluids were obtained by amniocentesis, including both healthy pregnancies and those with congenital malformations. The samples were analysed using several techniques, including Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersed spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Several metal-based particles containing barium, titanium, iron, and other elements were detected by SEM-EDS and Raman microspectroscopy. XRD analysis detected only sodium chloride as the main component of all amniotic fluid samples. Infrared spectroscopy detected protein-like organic components. Majority of particles were in form of agglomerates up to tens of micrometres in size, consisting of mainly submicron particles. By statistical analysis (multiple correspondence analysis), it was observed that groups of healthy and diagnosed fetuses form two separate groups and therefore, qualitative differences in chemical composition may have distinct biological impact. Overall, our results suggest that metal-based nanosized pollutants penetrate into the amniotic fluid and may affect human fetuses.
机译：这项研究探讨了健康人类胎儿和先天性畸形胎儿中羊水的无机成分，并特别注意金属基固体颗粒的存在。羊水来自母体血液，可为胎儿提供机械保护和营养。尽管起着至关重要的作用，但对羊水成分的环境影响仍然缺乏研究。通过羊膜穿刺术获得人羊水样本，包括健康妊娠和先天性畸形。使用多种技术对样品进行了分析，包括拉曼光谱，带能谱的扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDS），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析。通过SEM-EDS和拉曼光谱法检测了几种包含钡，钛，铁和其他元素的金属基颗粒。 XRD分析仅检测到氯化钠是所有羊水样品的主要成分。红外光谱检测到蛋白质样有机成分。大部分颗粒以聚集体的形式存在，其大小最大为数十微米，主要由亚微米颗粒组成。通过统计分析（多次对应分析），观察到健康和诊断出的胎儿组形成两个独立的组，因此，化学成分的质性差异可能具有独特的生物学影响。总体而言，我们的结果表明，金属基纳米污染物会渗透到羊水中，并可能影响人类胎儿。

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