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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Early Comers Become Owners: Effect of Residency Experience on Territorial Contest Dynamics in a Lycaenid Butterfly
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Early Comers Become Owners: Effect of Residency Experience on Territorial Contest Dynamics in a Lycaenid Butterfly

机译：早期来者成为拥有者：居住经历对蝶形蝴蝶领土竞赛动态的影响

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摘要

A positive relationship between ownership and contest success is widespread among territorial butterflies. We tested the hypothesis that owners win simply because they have a longer experience occupying a given territory than do intruders in territorial butterflies. Using the lycaenid butterfly Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus, we staged contests between two males that had experienced different residency periods at the same contested territory, similar to owners and intruders in natural contests. We found that males that had occupied the contested territory for a longer period (a day) always defeated the shorter occupancy males (15 min). Therefore, residency period plays a key role in settling territorial contests. As residency confers advantages in a time-dependent manner, the mechanism of owner dominance could be an increase in motivation to fight as local familiarity increases. Moreover, this result predicts a population-level territorial dynamics. If residency period per se confers advantages in each contest, males arriving at a territory early in their adult season should acquire territorial dominance because they can remain there for a certain period with only a few rivals; late-appearing males do not have this advantage. As predicted, we found that males appearing at territory sites early in the season were more likely to hold their territories. This finding provides new evidence for the evolution of protandry in butterflies.
机译：所有权与比赛成功之间的正相关关系在各地区之间普遍存在。我们检验了这样一个假设，即所有者获胜仅仅是因为他们拥有入侵特定领土的经验要比入侵领土蝴蝶的人更长。我们使用蝶形蝶类金龟（Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus），在同一竞争领土上的两个居住时间不同的雄性之间进行了竞赛，类似于自然竞赛中的主人和入侵者。我们发现，占据争夺领土较长时间（一天）的雄性总是击败了较短居住的雄性（15分钟）。因此，居住期在解决领土竞赛中起着关键作用。由于居住权以时间依赖的方式赋予优势，因此，随着当地人的熟悉程度的提高，所有者支配地位的机制可能会增加他们打架的动机。此外，这一结果预测了人口层面的领土动态。如果居留期本身在每场比赛中都具有优势，那么雄性成年季节早期到达某个领土的男性应获得领土优势，因为他们只能在少数几个对手的陪伴下呆一段时间。后来出现的男性没有这种优势。如预测的那样，我们发现，本季初出现在领地的雄性更可能占领其领地。这一发现为蝴蝶的脯氨酸进化提供了新的证据。

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