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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Strategic Ejaculation in the Black Scavenger Fly Sepsis cynipsea Revisited: Copula Duration as a Function of Sperm Depletion and Body Size
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Strategic Ejaculation in the Black Scavenger Fly Sepsis cynipsea Revisited: Copula Duration as a Function of Sperm Depletion and Body Size

机译：重新研究黑清道夫蝇败血症cynipsea中的策略性射精：Copula持续时间与精子消耗和体型的关系

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The massive numbers of sperm males transfer during a single mating are physiologically costly and the amount of sperm that can be stored is limited. Therefore, males can perform only a finite number of successive copulations without loss of fertility, and males should allocate sperm prudently. We investigated sperm availability and depletion in male black scavenger flies, Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae), asking whether males adjust copula duration according to nutrition, their sperm stores, their own and their partner's body size, as predicted by theory. We created a gradient of sperm limitation by restricting dung (their protein resource as adults) and subjecting males to a varying number of copulations. While male fertility did not depend on access to fresh dung (contrary to females), it did decline after three copulations, and more so when males were small. Larger females tended to lay more unfertilized eggs after copulating with previously mated males. However, copula duration was not influenced by a male's number of previous copulations, and therefore apparently not by his current sperm stores. Nevertheless, copula duration varied with male size, with small males copulating longer, and with female size, as copulations lasted longer with larger females, suggesting that males are investing more sperm in larger, more fecund females. While male copula adjustments to their own nutrition and body size may be simple (proximate) physiological responses, responses to female size indicate more strategic and sophisticated sperm-allocation strategies than previously thought.
机译：单次交配过程中转移的大量精子在生理上是昂贵的，并且可以储存的精子数量受到限制。因此，雄性只可以进行有限数量的连续交配而不会丧失生育力，并且雄性应谨慎分配精子。我们调查了雄性黑色清道夫蝇（Sepsis cynipsea）（双翅目：Sepsidae）中精子的可利用性和耗竭情况，询问雄性是否根据营养，精子储藏量，自身和伴侣的体型来调节copula持续时间，如理论所预测的那样。我们通过限制粪便（他们成年后的蛋白质资源）并使雄性接受不同数量的交配来创建一个限制精子的梯度。虽然男性的生育能力不取决于是否获得新鲜的粪便（与女性相反），但在三个交配期后的确会下降，而男性较小时更是如此。与先前交配的雄性交配后，较大的雌性倾向于产下更多未受精的卵。但是，联接持续时间不受男性先前交配次数的影响，因此显然不受其当前精子储存量的影响。然而，由于雌性交配持续的时间更长，雌性的交配持续时间随雄性的大小而变化，雄性的小雄性的交配时间更长，雌性的大小与雌性的交配时间更长，这表明雄性在更大，繁殖力更高的雌性上投入了更多的精子。虽然男性对自己的营养和体型的调整可能是简单的（接近的）生理反应，但是对女性大小的反应表明，精子分配策略比以前认为的更具战略性和复杂性。

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