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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Flower symmetry preferences in honey bees and their crab spider predators.
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Flower symmetry preferences in honey bees and their crab spider predators.

机译：蜜蜂及其蟹蜘蛛捕食者中花朵对称性的偏好。

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摘要

Flowers exhibit symmetrical patterns, and innate preferences for symmetry in pollinators like honeybees are documented. Most previous studies of symmetry preferences in honeybees, Apis mellifera, tested levels of asymmetry using artificial flowers or stimuli. Here we investigated the effect of flower asymmetry on flower preferences of honeybees in a novel approach using real flowers, incorporating their spectral properties and how the receivers process the visual signals. Importantly, we also tested the response of an 'eavesdropping' predator, the crab spider Thomisus spectabilis, that also utilizes the same flower to prey on honeybees. Flowers (Chrysanthemum frutescens) were manipulated to contain asymmetrical and symmetrical patterns, excluding olfactory cues. Both crab spiders and honeybees exhibited a significant preference for symmetrical flowers. Moreover, honeybees exhibited a significant preference for radial symmetry over bilateral symmetry, but no corresponding effect was recorded in crab spiders. Further analyses demonstrated that flower reflectance and orientation of the axis of symmetry did not affect crab spider decisions. Field observations on T. spectabilis revealed that the natural variation in C. frutescens symmetry had no effect on the choice of crab spiders. This indicates that spiders and honeybees may use other flower characteristics, for example, olfactory cues, together with flower symmetry, to make their foraging decisions..
机译：花表现出对称的模式，并且记录了像蜜蜂一样的传粉媒介对对称性的天生偏好。以前，蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）对对称性偏好的大多数研究都是使用人造花或刺激物来测试不对称性的水平。在这里，我们以新颖的方法使用真实的花朵，研究了花朵不对称性对蜜蜂花朵偏好的影响，并结合了它们的光谱特性以及接收器如何处理视觉信号。重要的是，我们还测试了“偷听”捕食者蟹蜘蛛Thomisus spectabilis的反应，该捕食者也利用同一朵花捕食蜜蜂。对花（菊花）进行了处理，使其包含不对称和对称的图案，但嗅觉提示除外。蟹蜘蛛和蜜蜂都对对称花表现出极大的偏爱。此外，蜜蜂在径向对称性方面表现出比双边对称性更显着的优势，但是在蟹蜘蛛中没有记录到相应的影响。进一步的分析表明，花朵的反射率和对称轴的方向不会影响螃蟹蜘蛛的决策。野豌豆的现场观察表明，C。frutescens对称性的自然变化对蟹蜘蛛的选择没有影响。这表明蜘蛛和蜜蜂可能会使用其他花朵特征（例如嗅觉线索）以及花朵对称性来做出觅食决策。

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