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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Microscale Laser Surgery Demonstrates the Grasping Function of the Male Sex Combs in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila bipectinata
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Microscale Laser Surgery Demonstrates the Grasping Function of the Male Sex Combs in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila bipectinata

机译：微型激光手术演示了果蝇黑腹果蝇和双果蝇中的男性性梳的抓紧功能。

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Male secondary sexual traits of animals are richly diversified in form and complexity, yet there are many species in which their precise function remains unknown. Within the genus Drosophila, species belonging to the melanogaster and obscura species groups have evolved a remarkable variety of sex combs, male-limited secondary sexual traits located on the tarsi of both front legs. Information concerning sex comb function is minimal or absent, except for D.melanogaster, where previous studies indicate that the sex combs are used for grasping the female prior to copulation. These studies, however, do not unambiguously demonstrate comb function, because it has not been possible to ascribe observed behavioral outcomes of the various comb manipulations to changes in the combs per se. We used microscale laser surgery to manipulate comb size in D.melanogaster and D.bipectinata, and tested the hypothesis that the sex combs function as grasping devices in courtship, making them essential for copulation to ensue. Results of high-resolution behavioral analysis in small observation arenas demonstrated that in both species in which sex combs were surgically eliminated, males were unable to grasp, mount or copulate. The combless foretarsi of these altered males slipped off the end (D.melanogaster) and sides (D.bipectinata) of the female abdomen when courting males attempted to grasp. In most cases, males whose sex combs were reduced but not completely removed exhibited similar copulation probabilities as surgical control males, a result we demonstrated in observation chambers as well as under more ecologically realistic conditions inside population cages where males and females interacted on the surface of fruit substrates. Thus, the sex combs in D.melanogaster and D.bipectinata are grasping devices, essential for mounting and copulation.
机译：动物的男性次要性状在形式和复杂性上十分丰富，但仍有许多物种的确切功能尚不清楚。在果蝇属中，属于黑变种和暗黑种属的物种已经进化出了种类繁多的性梳，雄性限制的次要性状位于两条前腿的tar骨上。除D.melanogaster外，有关性梳功能的信息很少或没有，以前的研究表明，性交梳用于在交配之前抓住雌性。然而，这些研究并未明确地证明梳子的功能，因为不可能将观察到的各种梳子操作的行为结果归因于梳子本身的变化。我们使用微型激光手术来操纵黑腹果蝇和双歧果蝇的梳子大小，并检验了性梳在求偶时起抓握器作用的假说，从而使它们对于进行交配至关重要。在小型观察场所进行的高分辨率行为分析结果表明，在两种通过手术消除性梳的物种中，雄性都无法抓住，坐立或交配。当向男性求婚时，这些变态的雄性的无梳前额从雌性腹部的末端（D.melanogaster）和侧面（D.bipectinata）滑落。在大多数情况下，性梳减少但未被完全清除的雄性与手术对照雄性表现出相似的交配概率，这是我们在观察室内以及在更笼罩的生态现实条件下，雌性和雄性表面相互作用的结果。水果基质。因此，D.melanogaster和D.bipectinata中的性梳是抓紧装置，对于安装和交配至关重要。

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