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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Within-Individual Correlations Reveal Link Between a Behavioral Syndrome, Condition, and Cortisol in Free-Ranging Belding's Ground Squirrels
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Within-Individual Correlations Reveal Link Between a Behavioral Syndrome, Condition, and Cortisol in Free-Ranging Belding's Ground Squirrels

机译：个体内相关揭示了行为综合症，病状和皮质醇在自由范围的贝尔丁地松鼠中的联系

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Animals often exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e., animal personality) and correlations between behaviors (i.e., behavioral syndromes), yet the causes of those patterns of behavioral variation remain insufficiently understood. Many authors hypothesize that state-dependent behavior produces animal personality and behavioral syndromes. However, empirical studies assessing patterns of covariation among behavioral traits and state variables have produced mixed results. New statistical methods that partition correlations into between-individual and residual within-individual correlations offer an opportunity to more sufficiently quantify relationships among behaviors and state variables to assess hypotheses of animal personality and behavioral syndromes. In a population of wild Belding's ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi), we repeatedly measured activity, exploration, and response to restraint behaviors alongside glucocorticoids and nutritional condition. We used multivariate mixed models to determine whether between-individual or within-individual correlations drive phenotypic relationships among traits. Squirrels had consistent individual differences for all five traits. At the between-individual level, activity and exploration were positively correlated whereas both traits negatively correlated with response to restraint, demonstrating a behavioral syndrome. At the within-individual level, condition negatively correlated with cortisol, activity, and exploration. Importantly, this indicates that although behavior is state-dependent, which may play a role in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, feedback mechanisms between condition and behavior appear not to produce consistent individual differences in behavior and correlations between them.
机译：动物通常在行为（即动物性格）和行为之间的相关性（即行为综合症）上表现出一致的个体差异，但是对这些行为变化模式的原因仍知之甚少。许多作者假设状态依赖行为会产生动物性格和行为综合症。但是，评估行为特征和状态变量之间的协变模式的实证研究得出了不同的结果。将相关性划分为个体之间和残留个体内部相关性的新统计方法提供了一个机会，可以更充分地量化行为与状态变量之间的关系，以评估动物性格和行为综合症的假设。在一群野生的Belding地松鼠（Urocitellus beldingi）中，我们反复测量了活动，探索和对约束行为以及糖皮质激素和营养状况的反应。我们使用多元混合模型来确定个体之间或个体内部的相关性驱动性状之间的表型关系。松鼠在所有五个特征上都有一致的个体差异。在个体之间，活动和探索呈正相关，而两个特征与对约束的反应均呈负相关，表明存在行为综合症。在个体内部，状况与皮质醇，活动和探索呈负相关。重要的是，这表明尽管行为是状态相关的，可能在动物性格和行为综合症中起作用，但条件和行为之间的反馈机制似乎并未在行为及其相关性上产生一致的个体差异。

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