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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Part-Time Mate Guarding Affects Paternity in Male Reed Buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus)
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Part-Time Mate Guarding Affects Paternity in Male Reed Buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus)

机译：兼职护卫影响男性芦苇旗Bun（Emberiza schoeniclus）的亲子关系

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Male mate guarding by close following has been reported in many socially monogamous bird species and is generally believed to function as a paternity guard. Many aspects of the dynamics and effectiveness of this behavior are still however poorly understood. Here, we describe the temporal variation in mate guarding behavior in male reed buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus) with a particular focus on how males allocate their mating effort between mate guarding and extrapair mating in a context of intense sperm competition. In our highly synchronous study population most males have to balance the simultaneous and mutually exclusive demands of mate guarding and seeking extrapair copulations (EPCs). We found that males frequently switched between guarding their mates and performing intrusions to neighboring territories. Both activities seemed to have significant fitness payoffs, as male mate guarding effort had a positive effect on paternity, and a large fraction of extrapair fertilizations occurred during the days when the sire guarded its own female. The reed bunting is thus an example of how discontinuous or part-time mate guarding can still be effective in securing paternity. Female reed buntings were not particularly active in initiating EPCs as they never were observed performing extraterritorial forays. We argue that the absence of female-initiated EPCs is a prerequisite for males to trade mate guarding against seeking EPCs. Otherwise, if females circumvent male mate guarding by timing their EPCs to periods of male absence, males should guard their mates almost continuously or rely on alternative paternity guards.
机译：在许多社会一夫一妻制鸟类中，有报道称通过近距离的监视来保护雄性伴侣，通常认为它起着亲子监护的作用。然而，这种行为的动力学和有效性的许多方面仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们描述了雄性bun草（Emberiza schoeniclus）中伴侣保护行为的时间变化，特别着重于雄性在精子竞争激烈的情况下如何在伴侣保护和额外配对之间分配交配力。在我们高度同步的研究人群中，大多数男性必须兼顾伴侣保护和寻求超配对交配（EPC）的同时和互斥的需求。我们发现，男性经常在守护自己的同伴和闯入邻国之间切换。两项活动似乎都带来了巨大的健身收益，因为男性伴侣的保护努力对父系产生了积极影响，并且在父亲守护自己的女性的那一天发生了绝大部分的配对受精。因此，芦苇旗布是不连续或兼职伴侣保护仍然可以有效确保亲子关系的一个例子。女性芦苇旗布在启动EPC时不是特别活跃，因为从未观察到它们在域外进行攻击。我们认为，女性发起的EPC的缺失是男性进行贸易交易的前提，以防止寻求EPC。否则，如果女性通过将EPC安排为男性缺勤的时间来规避男性伴侣的守卫，则男性应几乎连续地保护自己的伴侣，或者依靠替代的亲子监护人。

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