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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >When to Run and When to Hide: The Influence of Concealment, Visibility, and Proximity to Refugia on Perceptions of Risk
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When to Run and When to Hide: The Influence of Concealment, Visibility, and Proximity to Refugia on Perceptions of Risk

机译：何时跑步和何时躲藏：隐蔽性，可见性和对避难所的接近度对风险感知的影响

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摘要

An animal's ability to avoid predation likely depends on its ability to detect approaching predators, conceal itself, and seek refuge or protection from predators. Habitat, especially vegetation structure, can influence all of these factors concurrently. Binary categorical assessments of habitat as open or closed, however, confound at least two functions of habitat structure that could influence the perceived risk of predation: concealment, which functions to hide an individual, and visibility, which enhances detection of a potential predator. Both can influence predation risk independently and simultaneously. In this study, we decoupled these functional properties of vegetation and studied the effects of concealment, visibility, and proximity to a refuge on the distance at which pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) fled from an approaching threat (flight initiation distance; FID). Concealment by vegetation decreased perceptions of risk; however, pygmy rabbits exhibited elevated risk at high levels of visibility, regardless of the amount of concealment. Proximity to burrow entrances also influenced perceptions of risk, such that risk was significantly lower when rabbits were on or near burrow systems. Disentangling the functional properties of habitat can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence perceived risk and escape behaviors of prey and provide insight into how habitat structure mechanistically relates to predation risk.
机译：动物避免掠食的能力可能取决于其发现接近的掠食者，隐藏自身以及寻求庇护或免受掠食者保护的能力。栖息地，尤其是植被结构，可以同时影响所有这些因素。然而，对栖息地进行开放或封闭的二进制分类评估，至少混淆了栖息地结构的两个功能，这些功能可能会影响感知到的捕食风险：隐蔽（其功能是隐藏个人）和可见度（其可提高对潜在掠食者的检测）。两者都可以独立且同时影响捕食风险。在这项研究中，我们将植被的这些功能特性解耦，并研究了隐蔽性，能见度和靠近避难所对侏儒兔（Brachylagus idahoensis）逃离接近威胁（飞行起始距离; FID）的距离的影响。植被掩盖降低了对风险的认识;然而，侏儒兔无论隐蔽程度如何，在可见度较高的情况下都表现出较高的风险。接近洞穴入口也影响了对风险的看法，因此当兔子在洞穴系统中或附近时，风险显着降低。解开栖息地的功能特性可以更全面地了解影响感知风险和猎物逃避行为的因素，并深入了解栖息地结构在机械上如何与捕食风险相关。

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