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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Chorusing Behaviour in the Lusitanian Toadfish: Should I Match My Neighbours' Calling Rate?
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Chorusing Behaviour in the Lusitanian Toadfish: Should I Match My Neighbours' Calling Rate?

机译：Lusitanian蟾蜍中的合唱行为：我应该与邻居的通话率匹配吗？

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Choruses have been described mostly in birds, anurans and insects but have been poorly studied in sh. Research in batrachoidid (toadshes) species suggest vocal facilitation among neighbouring males, but whether chorusing sh present more complex interactions is unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that chorusing sh males compete actively to increase attractiveness to females. We rst describe vocal interactions in natural choruses of Lusitanian toadsh males. Our analysis found positive correlations between the calling rates of neighbouring males in several occasions. However, we also found that males that showed an overall low vocal activity throughout the observation period exhibited peaks of increased calling activity when neighbours decreased their calling rate, suggesting an opportunistic maximisation of attractiveness. We further test with playback experiments how toadsh males adjust calling activity relative to their neighbours’. We observed that males silent at the time of the playbacks but who had an overall high vocal performance tended to start calling when exposed to playbacks in contrast to low-activity males. Playback experiments further showed that males initially calling at a high rate adjust their calling rate according to the neighbour’s vocal activity level, that is, they increased calling rate when exposed to a high calling rate and decreased it when confronted with a low calling rate. However, males calling at a low rate did not signicantly alter their calling rate when presented with a low (similar) or higher calling rate, probably due to temporary physiological and/or ecological constraints. We argue that Lusitanian toadsh males tend to optimise calling effort in relation to their neighbours when they are actively advertising. Further studies are necessary to better understand vocal behaviour with increased chorus size.
机译：人们通常在鸟类，金龟属和昆虫中描述了合唱，但在sh中却很少进行研究。对穿梭梭菌（草）物种的研究表明，在邻近的雄性中有声带促进作用，但合唱是否表现出更复杂的相互作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们检验了合唱sh男性积极竞争以增加对女性的吸引力的假设。我们首先描述Lusitanian蟾蜍男性自然合唱中的人声互动。我们的分析发现，在某些情况下，邻近男性的呼叫率之间存在正相关。但是，我们还发现，在整个观察期内表现出总体低声活动的男性，当邻居降低其发声率时，会表现出发声活动增加的峰值，这表明了机会主义的吸引力最大化。我们通过回放实验进一步测试了成年雄性如何相对于其邻居调整通话活动。我们观察到，在播放时，男性保持沉默，但是总体上具有较高的声音表现，而与低运动量的男性相比，当他们在播放时，往往会开始发声。回放实验进一步表明，刚开始通话的男性较高时会根据邻居的声音活动水平调整其通话速度，也就是说，当他们遇到较高的通话频率时，他们会提高通话速度，而在面对较低的通话频率时会降低其通话速度。但是，低呼叫率的男性在出现低（类似）或较高呼叫率时，其呼叫率没有显着改变，这可能是由于暂时的生理和/或生态限制所致。我们认为，当Lusitanian蟾蜍男性积极宣传时，他们倾向于相对于邻居优化呼叫努力。有必要进行进一步的研究以更好地理解合唱大小增加时的声音行为。

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