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Sizing-up the Competition: Factors Modulating Male Display Behavior During Mate Competition

机译：扩大竞争规模：在伴侣竞争中调节男性展示行为的因素

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When competing for mates, males of many species use cues from their rivals to evaluate their chances of success. Signaling behavior is a vital component of male-male contests and courtship, and may inform males of a rival's quality or intentions. We used eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) to investigate how the time a male spent signaling during mate competition is influenced by his quality, his rival's quality relative to his own, and the value of a contested female. Furthermore, we examined how a male's behavioral response to a competitor's signals would be mediated by his relative quality. We simulated natural encounters by allowing two males to compete over a single female in the laboratory. We measured the time males spent performing two types of displays (pushups and shudders) and categorized male behavioral responses to rival pushup and shudder displays. Time spent signaling was not related to a male's absolute quality (body and head size, condition, and badge sizes), or his quality relative to that of his rival, although males did spend more time performing pushups when competing over females in better condition. Male behavior was also influenced by his rival's signals, such that males of relatively lower quality than their opponents were more likely to aggressively respond to rival pushups and shudders. We discuss these results with respect to the evolution and function of signaling behavior in courtship and male-male contests.
机译：在争夺伴侣时，许多物种的雄性都利用竞争对手的暗示来评估自己获得成功的机会。发信号的行为是男女竞赛和求爱中的重要组成部分，并且可能使男性了解竞争对手的素质或意图。我们使用东部篱笆蜥蜴（Sceloporus undulatus）来研究雄性在配偶比赛中花费信号的时间如何受到其品质，他的对手相对于他自己的品质以及有争议的雌性的价值的影响。此外，我们研究了男性对竞争者信号的行为反应如何通过其相对素质来介导。我们通过允许两个雄性在实验室中与单个雌性竞争来模拟自然遭遇。我们测量了男性花在表演两种类型的表演（短脚跳和颤抖）上的时间，并对男性对竞争对手俯卧撑和颤抖表演的行为反应进行了分类。花费的信号时间与雄性的绝对素质（身体和头部的大小，状况和徽章的大小）或其相对于其竞争对手的素质无关，尽管雄性在状况较好的雌性上竞争时确实花费更多的时间进行俯卧撑。男性行为也受到对手信号的影响，因此质量比对手低的男性更有可能对对手的俯卧撑和颤抖做出积极反应。我们讨论关于求爱和男性竞赛中信号行为的演变和功能的这些结果。

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