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On the Validity of a Single (Boldness) Assay in Personality Research

机译:人格研究中单一(大胆)分析的有效性

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A common method to assess behavioral types in personality research involves the use of a single emergence test (employed by researchers working on fish, avian, mammal, amphibian, and invertebrate taxa), whereby a shorter latency to emerge from a holding container into a novel environment is inferred to represent greater boldness'. Although any behavior might be context specific, studies using this single assay type must assume it reflects boldness in other similar contexts, otherwise it cannot reflect personality (defined as consistency across time and/or contexts). We attempted to validate whether a single assay of this type is correlated with other similar assays of boldness under more familiar, and less stressful, situations. We compared single emergence test scores of two species of damselfish (Pomacentrus wardi; P.amboinensis) in a novel environment, with two different behavioral assays of the same fish in subsequent repeated trials in home tanks. Although behavior was highly repeatable in home tanks, we found no correlation between emergence test scores in the novel environment and measures of latency to emerge from shelter following disturbance, or activity levels, on the first, second, or third observations in home tanks; there was also no correlation when we used average home tank scores from mixed models that accounted for individual differences (i.e., plasticity) in the rate of habituation (latency) and acclimation (activity). Our results therefore lead us to question the validity of using this single emergence test assay as a predictor of general boldness and to question the use of any single assay of behavior in personality research.
机译:评估人格研究中行为类型的一种常用方法是使用一次出现测试(由从事鱼类,禽类,哺乳动物,两栖动物和无脊椎动物分类群的研究人员聘用),从而使从保存容器变成新事物的等待时间更短。推断环境代表更大的胆量”。尽管任何行为都可能是特定于上下文的,但是使用这种单一分析类型的研究必须假定它在其他类似上下文中反映了大胆,否则就无法反映个性(定义为时间和/或上下文的一致性)。我们试图验证这种类型的单一分析是否与其他类似的大胆分析在更熟悉且压力较小的情况下相关。我们在一个新颖的环境中比较了两种雀鲷(Pomacentrus wardi; P.amboinensis)的单次出苗测试成绩,以及随后在家庭鱼缸中进行的重复试验中同一条鱼的两种不同的行为分析。尽管行为在家庭用储罐中具有很高的可重复性,但我们在家庭用储罐的第一次,第二次或第三次观察中发现,在新型环境中的出脱测试成绩与因干扰或活动水平而从避难所出现的潜伏时间之间没有关联。当我们使用混合模型的平均家庭储水罐得分时,也没有相关性,该模型解释了习惯率(潜伏期)和适应程度(活动)的个体差异(即可塑性)。因此,我们的结果使我们对使用这种单次出现测试分析作为普遍胆量的预测因素的有效性提出质疑,并对在性格研究中使用任何单一的行为分析方法提出质疑。

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