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Behavioural Responses of European Roe Deer to Temporal Variation in Predation Risk

机译：欧洲Ro对捕食风险时变的行为响应

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摘要

In natural environments, predation risk varies over time. The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that prey is expected to adjust key anti-predator behaviours such as vigilance to temporal variation in risk. We tested the predictions of the risk allocation hypothesis in a natural environment where both a species-rich natural predator community and human hunters are abundant and where the differences in seasonal and circadian activity between natural and anthropogenic predators provided a unique opportunity to quantify the contributions of different predator classes to anti-predator behaviour. Whereas natural predators were expected to show similar levels of activity throughout the seasons, hunter activity was high during the daytime during a clearly defined hunting season. According to the risk allocation hypothesis, vigilance should then be higher during the hunting season and during daytime hours than during the non-hunting season and night-time hours. Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) on the edge of Biaowiea Primeval Forest in Eastern Poland displayed vigilance behaviour consistent with these predictions. The behavioural response of roe deer to temporarily varying predation risks emphasises the behavioural plasticity of this species and suggests that future studies of anti-predator behaviour need to incorporate circadian variation in predation pressure as well as risk gradients of both natural and anthropogenic predators.
机译：在自然环境中，捕食风险会随时间变化。风险分配假设预测，预期猎物会调整关键的反捕食者行为，例如对风险的时间变化保持警惕。我们在自然环境中测试了风险分配假说的预测，在自然环境中物种丰富的自然捕食者群落和人类猎人都很丰富，并且自然捕食者和人为捕食者之间季节性和昼夜活动的差异提供了独特的机会来量化捕食者的贡献。不同的捕食者类别与反捕食者行为。预计自然捕食者在整个季节中都表现出相似的活动水平，而在明确定义的狩猎季节中，白天的猎人活动量很高。根据风险分配假说，在狩猎季节和白天时段的警惕性应高于非狩猎季节和夜间时段的警惕性。波兰东部Biaowiea原始森林边缘的de（Capreolus capreolus）表现出与这些预测一致的警惕行为。 to对暂时变化的捕食风险的行为反应强调了该物种的行为可塑性，并表明未来的反捕食者行为研究需要考虑到昼夜变化对捕食压力以及自然和人为捕食者的风险梯度的影响。

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