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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Contrasting Parental Tasks Influence Parental Roles for Paired and Single Biparental Cichlid Fish
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Contrasting Parental Tasks Influence Parental Roles for Paired and Single Biparental Cichlid Fish

机译：父母的不同任务会影响成对和单双亲的丽鱼科鱼的父母角色

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Biparental care of young occurs when both parents provide some sort of care for offspring and can include a wide variety of behaviors, yet often studies focus on single aspects of parental care when trying to determine how each parent contributes. Here, we presented the biparental convict cichlid fish (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) with two conflicting parental behaviors: retrieval of non-swimming offspring that have been displaced from the nest and defense against a conspecific intruder, a potential brood predator. We examined single males, single females, and pairs of parents to determine how males and females each contributed to overall parental care. Traditionally in this species, parents exhibit a division of labor (in which each parent contributes to all parental activities), but also exhibit a division of roles (in which males tend to favor the role of defense and females tend to favor more direct care, spending more time with offspring). We hypothesized that single parents would compensate for their absent mate, but that males and females would still favor preferred roles. Additionally, we hypothesized that there would be an asymmetrical expansion of roles, with females being more flexible. Our results show that the preferred roles of both parents were evident even when parents were without their mates and that males and females differed in their compensatory levels, at least when compared to the behaviors of the intact pair. Contrary to our prediction, females seem unable to fully compensate for the defensive behaviors usually exhibited by males, while males shifted completely to retrieve displaced offspring.
机译：当父母双方都为后代提供某种形式的照顾时，就会发生对年轻人的双亲照顾，并且可能包括各种各样的行为，然而，在试图确定每个父母的出身方式时，研究经常侧重于父母照顾的各个方面。在这里，我们介绍了双亲定罪的丽鱼科鱼（Amatitlania nigrofasciata）具有两种相互矛盾的父母行为：从巢中移出的非游泳后代的取回和对同种入侵者（一种潜在的巢穴捕食者）的防御。我们检查了单身男性，单身女性和成对的父母，以确定男性和女性各自对整体父母照料的贡献。传统上，在这个物种中，父母表现出分工（每位父母都参与所有父母活动），但也表现出分工（其中男性倾向于支持防御角色，而女性则倾向于更直接的照顾，花更多的时间在后代身上）。我们假设单亲父母会补偿他们的缺席伴侣，但男性和女性仍然会偏爱喜欢的角色。此外，我们假设角色将出现不对称扩张，而女性则更加灵活。我们的研究结果表明，即使父母没有伴侣，父母双方的首选角色也很明显，而且至少与完整夫妻的行为相比，男性和女性的补偿水平有所不同。与我们的预测相反，雌性似乎无法完全弥补雄性通常表现出的防御行为，而雄性则完全转移以寻找后代。

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