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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >A Young Manakin Knows His Place: Evidence for an Age-Graded Dominance Hierarchy Among Long-Tailed Manakins
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A Young Manakin Knows His Place: Evidence for an Age-Graded Dominance Hierarchy Among Long-Tailed Manakins

机译：一位年轻的Manakin知道自己的位置：长尾Manakins中年龄分级优势等级的证据

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In lek-breeding systems where many males gather at display sites, males benefit from the establishment of dominance hierarchies to reduce intrasexual aggression and the associated risk of injuries. Long-tailed manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis) exhibit an exploded lek-breeding system wherein the two top-ranking males at each display site team up to perform elaborate coordinated courtship displays for females. Young males undergo delayed plumage maturation whereby they acquire distinct pre-definitive plumage patterns each year until they attain definitive plumage in their fifth year. This unique characteristic is thought to have evolved as a status-signalling mechanism to aid in the establishment of an age-graded dominance hierarchy in which older males are dominant to younger males. Previous research has shown evidence for such a dominance hierarchy among alpha and beta males; however, the presence of this hierarchy among males of other age classes has never been quantified. In this study, we investigated the presence of an age-graded dominance hierarchy by determining whether older males direct more aggressive behaviours towards younger males. We also investigated whether status signalling is less clear within age classes than between age classes, by determining whether males within the same age class exhibit more aggression towards each other. We found that older males performed aggressive behaviours towards younger males much more frequently than younger males performed aggressive behaviours towards older males. We also found that some aggressive interactions occurred between males within the same age class more frequently than between males from different age classes. Our study provides some evidence for an age-graded dominance hierarchy among male long-tailed manakins of all age classes and also provides some support for the status-signalling hypothesis. However, further research is needed to conclusively establish the presence of a linear dominance hierarchy among younger male manakins. This research may help us better understand the evolution of complex hierarchical systems in animals
机译：在许多男性聚集在展示场所的韭菜育种系统中，男性受益于建立优势等级制度，以减少性侵略和相关的受伤风险。长尾山雀（Chiroxiphia linearis）具有爆炸性的韭菜育种系统，其中每个展示地点的两名顶级雄性会联手对雌性进行精心协调的求爱展示。年轻的雄性会经历延迟的羽毛成熟，因此他们每年都会获得不同的预定羽毛模式，直到他们在第五年达到确定的羽毛。据认为，这一独特特征已发展成为一种地位信号机制，以帮助建立年龄分级的优势等级，其中老年男性占主导地位。先前的研究表明，α和β男性具有这种优势等级的证据。但是，这种等级制度在其他年龄段的男性中的存在从未被量化过。在这项研究中，我们通过确定年龄较大的男性是否将更积极的行为引导给年龄较小的男性来调查年龄划分的优势等级的存在。我们还通过确定同一年龄段内的男性是否表现出更大的相互攻击力，调查了在年龄段内是否比年龄段之间的状态信号更不清晰。我们发现，老年男性对青年男性的攻击行为比青年男性对老年男性的攻击行为更为频繁。我们还发现，与不同年龄段的男性之间相比，同一年龄段的男性之间更频繁地发生某些积极的互动。我们的研究为所有年龄段的男性长尾manakins中的年龄等级的优势等级提供了一些证据，并且为地位信号假说提供了一些支持。但是，需要进一步的研究来确定年轻男性manakins中线性支配地位的存在。这项研究可能有助于我们更好地了解动物中复杂的等级系统的演变

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