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Angry Birds Need Not Apply: A Perspective on the Flexible form and Multif unctionality of Avian Vocal Duets

机译:愤怒的小鸟不需要申请:禽声二重唱的灵活形式和多功能

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Research into avian vocal duets has revealed much about the social interactions of mated pairs, including how communication signals mediate important components of fitness such as reproductive success and resource-holding ability. Excellent reviews have been written on avian duets, but none have quantified the prevalence of different duet features and functions, or tested for potential links between structure and function. Here we have compiled a thorough list of studies at the species level and investigated whether there are trends in duel form, trends in duet function and matches between form and function. We have also provided recommendations for reporting of duet structure to help standardize future data collection and facilitate comparative analyses. We found that duet vocalizations are typically tightly coordinated (69% of 33 species), initiated by both partners (80% of 35 species), and have sex-specific contributions (73% of 48 species). Duets vary substantially in structure both across andwithin species, and this flexibility in duel form may contribute to their use in multiple contexts. Among the well-studied species (functions well supported by experimental evidence and studied post-1983), duets are usually multifunctional, with functions including joint resource defence, signalling commitment, maintaining contact, ensuring reproductive synchrony and male-guarding. Levels of support for different hypotheses have changed over time as theory within the field developed, bul overall, the best-supported function of duels across avian species (81% of 26 species) has been joint resource defence. In all but one of these 26 species, duets are sometimes cooperative (meaning that duet participation benefits both duelting partners), and they oftenproduce multiple benefits. We found associations between form and function, in that duets directed to non-pair individuals have higher amplitude and are more likely to have sex-specific noles than duels directed within the pair. We see the field movingaway from labelling duets as representing 'cooperation' or 'conflict' and moving towards a general multifunctionalily framework within which researchers test multiple hypotheses for duel function under the assumption that both duet form and function canvary moment to moment and that such flexibility can provide multiple benefits.
机译:对鸟类声乐二重唱的研究已经揭示了许多关于配对的社交互动的信息,包括交流信号如何介导健身的重要组成部分,例如生殖成功和拥有资源的能力。关于禽类二重性的文章已有很好的评论,但是没有一个可以量化不同二重性特征和功能的流行程度,也没有对结构和功能之间的潜在联系进行测试。在这里,我们已经在物种水平上整理了一份详尽的研究清单,并调查了对决形式的趋势,对偶功能的趋势以及形式和功能之间的匹配是否存在。我们还提供了有关二重唱结构报告的建议,以帮助规范未来的数据收集并促进比较分析。我们发现,二重唱发声通常是紧密协作的(33个物种中的69%),是由两个伙伴(35个物种中的80%)发起的,并且具有特定性别的贡献(48个物种中的73%)。二重体在物种内和物种内的结构都存在很大差异,并且这种决斗形式的灵活性可能有助于它们在多种情况下的使用。在经过充分研究的物种中(功能得到实验证据的充分支持并在1983年后进行了研究),二重唱通常是多功能的,其功能包括联合资源防御,信号承诺,保持联系,确保生殖同步和雄性保护。随着该领域理论的发展,对不同假设的支持水平也随着时间而变化,总体而言,在禽类(26种物种中有81%)中,对决的最佳支持功能是联合资源防御。在这26个物种中,除了一个物种以外,在所有物种中,二重奏有时是合作的(这意味着二重奏参与对两个对决伙伴都有好处),并且它们通常会产生多种利益。我们发现形式和功能之间存在关联,因为针对非配对个体的二重奏比针对配对的个体具有更高的振幅,并且更可能具有针对性别的小结。我们认为该领域已从将二重奏标记为代表“合作”或“冲突”,并朝着通用的多功能框架迈进,在该框架中,研究人员在二重形式和功能随时间变化且假设这种灵活性的情况下测试了多种对决功能的假设。可以提供多种好处。

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