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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >On the Advantages of Mixed-Species Groups: Impalas Adjust Their Vigilance When Associated With Larger Prey Herbivores
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On the Advantages of Mixed-Species Groups: Impalas Adjust Their Vigilance When Associated With Larger Prey Herbivores

机译：关于混合物种群体的优势：黑斑羚在与大型猎食食草动物相关联时会提高警惕

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摘要

Prey can obtain valuable benefits from associating with other species if heterospecifics help to detect predators or locate good food patches. In mixed-species groups, how species respond to the presence of other species remains a poorly explored question although it might give crucial insights into mechanisms underlying the interspecific coexistence. We studied temporary mixed-species groups of large herbivores in Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe) between the common impala (Aepyceros melampus), the focal species here, and bigger species including the plains zebra (Equus quagga), the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) or the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). In the Hwange savanna, the focal and smaller species are exposed to a larger range of predators than the associated species. In this context, we investigated how impalas adjusted their vigilance with group size comparing impala-only and mixed-species groups and whether the identity of heterospecifics affected vigilance of impalas. Our study showed that the time impalas spent in vigilance significantly decreased with group size when they formed impala-only groups, whereas it did not significantly vary with group size in mixed-species groups. Moreover, in mixed-species groups, impalas did not adjust their time spent in vigilance with the proportion of conspecifics and the identity of the associated species. Thus, the mechanism underlying the difference of impalas' behavioural adjustment of vigilance with group size between single- and mixed-species groups seemed to be related to the presence but not to the number and the identity of heteropecifics. Finally, we discuss the concept that larger and dominant heterospecifics were likely to increase competition for food access, thereby forcing higher vigilance of impalas, outweighing any reduction from collective vigilance.
机译：如果异源物种有助于发现掠食者或定位良好的食物斑块，则与其他物种结合可以使猎物获得宝贵的利益。在混合物种群体中，物种如何对其他物种的存在做出反应仍然是一个探索较差的问题，尽管它可能为种间共存的基础机制提供重要见解。我们研究了旺加国家公园（津巴布韦）中大型食草动物的临时混合物种组，它们介于普通黑斑羚（Aepyceros melampus），这里的重点物种和更大的物种之间，包括平原斑马（Equus quagga），较大的kudu（Tragelaphus strepsiceros）或蓝色的牛羚（Connochaetes taurinus）。在万基大草原，与相关物种相比，重点和较小的物种面临更大范围的捕食者。在这种情况下，我们调查了黑斑羚如何通过只与黑斑羚和混种种群比较的群体规模来调整其警惕性，以及异种特性是否影响黑斑羚的警惕性。我们的研究表明，当黑斑羚只组成黑斑羚组时，保持警觉的时间随组的大小而显着减少，而在混合物种组中，其随组的大小却没有显着变化。此外，在混合物种组中，黑斑羚没有根据物种的比例和相关物种的身份来保持警惕。因此，单种群和混合种群之间黑斑羚行为警惕性随小组规模的差异而变化的机制似乎与存在的程度有关，而与异种的数目和身份无关。最后，我们讨论了一个概念，即更大且占优势的异特质可能会增加对食物获取的竞争，从而迫使黑斑羚提高警惕，胜过集体警惕的任何减少。

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