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Variation in Trill Characteristics in Tree Pipit Songs: Different Trills for Different Use?

机译：树Pi歌曲中的颤音特性变化：不同用途的不同颤音？

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Transmitting information about singer's quality is an important function of song in many bird species, and this information should be useful in territorial interactions. Fast trills, being physically demanding song structures, are particularly suitable candidates for signalling of quality or aggressive motivation. We have evaluated trill characteristics in songs within a population of the Tree Pipit, a common European songbird with no sexual dimorphism, in which song apparently plays a key role in territory defence as well as mate choice. Two types of relatively fast trills (each of them in multiple variants differing in complexity) were commonly observed in repertoires of Tree Pipit males. Trill rates significantly differed among individuals, suggesting that these song structures may carry information about male quality in this species. We tested by playback experiments whether both trill types are used in territorial encounters. Only one of the trill types was sung by males in response to playback, regardless on the trill type played to them. In an immediate response to playback, they increased the frequency of use of this trill, and also significantly increased the trill rate in comparison with spontaneous songs. This confirmed field observations, suggesting that this trill is important in male-male interactions. On the contrary, the use of the fastest, apparently more demanding, trill type actually decreased after the simulated territorial intrusion. We hypothesize that the latter one is more directed towards females, and that while performance of both trill types may reflect male quality, they are primarily used in different contexts.RI Petrusek, Adam/A-3510-2008
机译：在许多鸟类中，传递有关歌手质量的信息是歌曲的重要功能，并且该信息在区域互动中应该是有用的。快速的颤音是对歌曲结构的苛刻要求，特别适合用于发出质量或积极动机的信号。我们已经评估了树Pi树（Piet Pipit）种群中的歌曲的颤音特性，该树是欧洲常见的没有性二态的鸣禽，其中歌曲显然在区域防御和配偶选择中起关键作用。在“树Pi”男性的所有曲目中通常会观察到两种类型的相对较快的颤音（每一种都具有复杂度不同的多个变体）。个体间的颤动率显着不同，表明这些歌曲结构可能携带有关该物种雄性品质的信息。我们通过回放实验测试了是否在区域性相遇中同时使用了这三种颤音类型。男性响应播放而只演唱其中一种颤音类型，而不管他们演奏的颤音类型如何。在对播放的即时响应中，与自发歌曲相比，它们增加了使用该颤音的频率，并且也显着提高了颤音速率。这证实了实地观察，这表明这种颤音在男女相互作用中很重要。相反，在模拟的领土入侵之后，使用速度最快，显然要求更高的三脚架类型的使用实际上减少了。我们假设后者是针对女性的，虽然这两种类型的表现可能都反映了男性的素质，但它们主要用于不同的场合。RIPetrusek，Adam / A-3510-2008

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