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Influence of Two Tropical Storms on the Residual Flow in a Subtropical Tidal Inlet

机译：两次热带风暴对亚热带潮汐流入口残余流的影响

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摘要

The mechanisms responsible for the modulation of laterally sheared non-tidal (residual) exchange flow in a subtropical inlet, with special emphasis on tropical storm influence, are studied using a combination of current velocity profiles and hydrographic and meteorological data. The mouth of the inlet, St. Augustine Inlet in northeast Florida, is characterized by a 15-m-deep channel flanked by shoals (<6 m deep). Residual flows across the inlet mouth were laterally sheared with inflow in the channel and outflow over the shoals. This pattern persisted during four separate semi-diurnal tidal cycle surveys effected over 3 years. During spring tides, residual exchange flows intensified relative to neap tides. Residual inflow in the channel only reversed immediately after tropical storms because of their extreme winds and major temporal changes in water level. After the residual flow reversed in the channel, along-channel baroclinicity drove gravitational circulation that persisted for 4.5 days and was enhanced by offshore winds. A depth-averaged along-basin momentum budget highlighted the importance of bottom friction to help balance the barotropic pressure gradient. The rest of the momentum budget was likely provided by advective terms. During and after tropical storms, accelerations from wind stress and baroclinic pressure gradients also became influential in the along-basin momentum budget.
机译：利用当前速度剖面以及水文和气象数据的组合，研究了副热带入口横向剪切非潮汐（残余）交换流量调节的机理，特别强调了热带风暴的影响。入口位于佛罗里达州东北部的圣奥古斯丁入口，其特征为深15米的通道，两侧是浅滩（深<6 m）。穿过入口的残余流量被横向剪切，通道中有流入，而浅滩中有流出。这种模式在3年中进行的四个单独的半日潮周期调查中一直存在。在春季潮汐时，相对于潮汐潮，残余交换流量增加。由于强风和水位的主要时间变化，在热带风暴之后，河道中的残留入流仅会立即逆转。通道中的剩余流量逆转后，沿通道的斜度推动了重力循环，该循环持续了4.5天，并被海上风增强。沿盆地平均深度的平均动量预算突显了底部摩擦对平衡正压梯度的重要性。动量预算的其余部分可能由对流条款提供。在热带风暴期间和之后，来自风应力和斜压梯度的加速也对沿盆地动量预算产生影响。

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