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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >The influence of predator sex on chemically mediated antipredator response in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae : Lycosidae)
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The influence of predator sex on chemically mediated antipredator response in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae : Lycosidae)

机译：捕食者性行为对狼蛛Pardosa milvina（Araneae：Lycosidae）中化学介导的抗捕食者反应的影响

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摘要

The wolf spider, Pardosa milvina, reduces activity in the presence of chemical cues (silk and excreta) from a larger predatory wolf spider, Hogna helluo. Hogna is sexually dimorphic in body size and males and females differ in their propensity to attack prey. Consequently, each sex may present different levels of risk to Pardosa. We measured predation risk of Pardosa in the presence of male or female Hogna. We also assessed Pardosa antipredator responses and survival in the presence or absence of previously deposited chemical cues from male or female Hogna. In the absence of predator chemical cues, Pardosa survived significantly longer in the presence of male Hogna compared with female Hogna. We then assessed Pardosa survival in the presence of chemical cues from each Hogna sex by placing Pardosa in containers previously occupied by a female Hogna, a male Hogna, or no Hogna (control). We then introduced a female Hogna into each container and measured predation latency. Pardosa survived significantly longer in the presence of female and male cues compared with the control treatment. Median survival time of Pardosa was over four times longer on substrates with female Hogna cues compared with male cues, but this difference was not statistically significant. We tested Pardosa activity levels in the presence of chemical cues from male or female Hogna. Both Hogna sexes were maintained in separate containers after which we placed an adult female Pardosa in one of the containers or a blank control container. Pardosa significantly decreased activity in the presence of chemical cues from either sex relative to the control. Activity was lowest on substrates with female Hogna cues, but not significantly lower than on substrates with male Hogna cues. Results suggest that chemical information from male or female Hogna significantly reduces Pardosa activity which results in increased survival.
机译：狼蛛Pardosa milvina在较大的掠食性狼蛛Hogna helluo发出化学提示（丝绸和粪便）的情况下会降低活性。霍格纳（Hogna）的体型两性各异，雄性和雌性攻击猎物的倾向也有所不同。因此，每种性别对帕多萨（Pardosa）的风险可能不同。我们在雄性或雌性Hogna的存在下测量了Pardosa的捕食风险。我们还评估了雄性或雌性Hogna先前沉积的化学提示存在或不存在下的Pardosa抗捕食者反应和存活率。在没有捕食者化学线索的情况下，雄性Hogna的存活率比雌性Hogna的存活时间长得多。然后，我们通过将Pardosa放置在先前由雌性Hogna，雄性Hogna或没有Hogna（对照）占领的容器中，评估每种Hogna性别在化学线索存在下的Pardosa存活率。然后，我们将雌性Hogna放入每个容器中，并测量捕食潜伏期。与对照治疗相比，在雌雄线索的情况下，帕多沙的存活时间明显更长。在雌性Hogna线索下，Pardosa的中位生存时间比雄性线索长四倍以上，但这种差异在统计学上不显着。我们在雄性或雌性Hogna出现化学提示的情况下测试了Pardosa的活性水平。两种Hogna性别均保存在单独的容器中，然后我们将成年雌性Pardosa放入其中一个容器或空白对照容器中。与对照相比，在来自任何性别的化学提示存在下，帕多沙（Pardosa）均显着降低了活性。具有雌性Hogna线索的底物的活性最低，但不显着低于具有雄性Hogna线索的底物的活性。结果表明，来自雄性或雌性Hogna的化学信息会大大降低Pardosa的活性，从而提高生存率。

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