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Changes in Whistle Structure of Two Dolphin Species During Interspecific Associations

机译：种间关联过程中两个海豚物种的口哨结构变化

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Dolphin communicative signals show great plasticity. Dolphins modify signal structure to cope with their environment, in response to stress, and in some species to mimic group members. Hence, whistle structure variations may offer insights to interspecific associations among dolphin species, which although temporal and opportunistic are common. In this study, I test the hypothesis that interspecific interactions influence dolphin whistle structure, particularly during social events. The study took place in the Southern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, where interspecific associations of the distantly related Guyana and Bottlenose dolphins occur on daily basis. The results indicate that interspecific groups emit whistles that show intermediate whistle structure compared to whistles emitted in intraspecific groups. This pattern is seen during social interactions between species, but not when interspecific groups are traveling. Social events in interspecific groups were of antagonistic nature, where Bottlenose dolphins isolated and harassed one or two Guyana dolphins. Contour data suggest that the most vocal species during these encounters was the Guyana dolphin. Therefore, the observed modifications in whistles structure likely reflect a stress response by the Guyana dolphins. Another alternative explanation includes signal convergence between interacting species. However, to understand the nature of these potential modifications, future studies should combine acoustic tags and directional recording systems to follow the vocalizing animals. Despite the shortcomings of this study, it provides some of the first insights into dolphin interspecific communication, providing evidence of overall signal change during interspecific interactions.
机译：海豚的交流信号显示出很大的可塑性。海豚响应压力后会修改信号结构以适应其环境，并且在某些物种中会模仿组成员。因此，哨声结构的变化可能为海豚物种间的种间关联提供洞察力，尽管时间和机会主义是普遍的。在这项研究中，我检验了种间相互作用影响海豚哨子结构的假设，尤其是在社交事件中。该研究发生在哥斯达黎加南部加勒比海海岸，每天都有远缘圭亚那和宽吻海豚的种间关联发生。结果表明，与种内组中发出的哨子相比，种间组发出的哨子具有中间的哨子结构。在物种之间的社会互动中可以看到这种模式，但种间群体在旅行时却没有。种间群体中的社会事件具有拮抗性，宽吻海豚被隔离并骚扰了一到两只圭亚那海豚。等高线数据表明，在这些相遇中最发声的物种是圭亚那海豚。因此，观察到的口哨结构修饰可能反映了圭亚那海豚的应激反应。另一个替代解释包括相互作用物种之间的信号收敛。但是，要了解这些潜在修改的性质，未来的研究应结合声学标签和定向记录系统来跟随发声的动物。尽管这项研究存在缺陷，但它提供了一些关于海豚种间交流的初步见解，为种间相互作用期间总体信号变化提供了证据。

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