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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Feeding or resting? The strategy of rutting male Alpine chamois.
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Feeding or resting? The strategy of rutting male Alpine chamois.

机译：进食还是休息？发情的男性高山羚羊的策略。

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Optimal foraging theory suggests that animals normally maximize energy intake to optimize their energy balance. However, when efficiency to assimilate energy falls below the level necessary to ascertain basal energetic requirements, they should shift to an energy saving strategy. Males of many ruminant species considerably reduce their food intake during the rut. Nevertheless, they are commonly assumed to maximize energy intake besides their investments in rutting activities. Based on predictions of optimal foraging theory and the specific ruminant digestive physiology, we propose, however, that rutting males in polygynous species with time consuming mating tactics should instead use an energy saving strategy. Particularly, we predict this to be the case in Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra), a highly polygynous mountain ungulate, of which the males defend mating territories during the rut. By combining observational and telemetry data of eight radio-collared males we constructed individual 24-h time budgets, and compared the behavior of males before, during and after the rut. Males spent significantly less time feeding during the rut (0.9 h) compared with before (8.5 h) and afterwards (6.4 and 7.5 h, respectively), whereas time spent lying remained more or less unchanged (pre-rut; 12.7 h, rut; 13.3 h, post-rut; 12.9 and 13.9 h, respectively). The ratio of time spent feeding to lying dropped from 0.67 in the pre-rut period to 0.05 in the rutting period. As a result, males allocated on average approx. 90% of their non-rutting time to lying, and a negative relationship between rutting and lying time emerged. Hence, males seemed to trade lying time against rutting time. We conclude from these results that male Alpine chamois do not maximize their energy intake during the rut, but rather adopt an energy saving strategy to optimize their energy balance.
机译：最佳觅食理论表明，动物通常会最大限度地增加能量摄入以优化能量平衡。但是，当吸收能量的效率低于确定基本能量需求所需的水平时，则应转向节能策略。在反刍动物中，许多反刍动物的雄性会大量减少食物摄入。然而，除了在车辙活动上的投资外，通常认为它们可以最大程度地吸收能量。然而，基于最佳觅食理论和特定反刍动物消化生理的预测，我们建议采用耗时的交配策略在多雌性物种中发情的雄性应该使用节能策略。尤其是，我们预测高寒多蹄类有蹄类的高山羚羊（Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra）就是这种情况，雄性羚羊在车辙期间保卫交配领土。通过结合八名无线电领男性的观测和遥测数据，我们构建了单独的24小时时间预算，并比较了车辙之前，期间和之后的男性行为。相比于之前（8.5 h）和之后（分别为6.4和7.5 h），男性在车辙期间（0.9 h）花费的喂养时间显着减少，而躺着的时间或多或少保持不变（前车辙; 12.7 h，车辙;车辙后13.3小时;分别为12.9和13.9小时）。喂食和躺下的时间比例从发情前的0.67降至发情期的0.05。结果，男性平均分配约。他们的非发情时间中有90％用于撒谎，而发情与说谎时间之间存在负相关关系。因此，雄性似乎在撒谎时间与发情时间之间进行交易。从这些结果可以得出结论，雄性高山羚羊不会在车辙期间最大化其能量摄入，而是采用节能策略来优化其能量平衡。

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