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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Effects of Female-Female Aggression in a Sexual/Unisexual Species Complex
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Effects of Female-Female Aggression in a Sexual/Unisexual Species Complex

机译：有性/无性物种复合体中女性侵略的影响

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摘要

The maintenance of sexual reproduction is still a largely unresolved question in evolutionary biology, and one of the most puzzling aspects of this is the coexistence of sexual and asexual females. This often leads to widespread niche overlap, posing an interesting challenge to competitive exclusion theory. In this study, we investigate how the aggressive behaviors between females in a sexual/unisexual mating complex of mollies (Poecilia latipinna and P.formosa) differ, and the effects these behaviors have on both the performer and receiver of aggressive acts. We exposed females to five treatments: (1) alone (control); (2) a large and small sexual female; (3) a large sexual female and a small unisexual female; (4) a small sexual female and a large unisexual female; and (5) a large and small unisexual female. We found that P.formosa females were on average more aggressive over time when compared to their sexual hosts, P.latipinna. The females of P.formosa, however, incurred a higher cost of being aggressive. Large, aggressor females of this species had a lower body fat content than their conspecific recipients. By contrast, P.latipinna females showed no differentiation between aggressors and recipients. Here, we combine life history methodology and behavioral observations to show that female competition can in fact be quantitatively measured and that these aggressive behaviors are costly to perform. The adaptive value of this interspecies aggression is not yet completely understood, but sexual competition, access to resources, and position within the shoal are all possible functions.
机译：在生殖生物学中，维持性生殖仍然是一个尚未解决的问题，其中最令人费解的方面之一是有性和无性雌性并存。这通常会导致广泛的利基重叠，这对竞争排斥理论提出了有趣的挑战。在这项研究中，我们调查了在性/单性交配复合体（Poecilia latipinna和P.formosa）中雌性之间的攻击行为如何不同，以及这些行为对攻击行为的执行者和接受者都有影响。我们将女性接受了五种治疗：（1）单独（对照）; （2）大小性女性; （3）大型性女性和小型单性女性; （4）小性女性和大单性女性; （5）大小不一的单性女性。我们发现，相较于性寄主P.latipinna，福寿螺的雌性平均随时间推移更具攻击性。然而，福寿螺的雌性遭受攻击的代价更高。该物种大的侵略性雌性动物的脂肪含量低于同种受者。相比之下，P.latipinna雌性在侵略者和受者之间没有区别。在这里，我们将生活史方法和行为观察相结合，以表明女性竞争实际上可以被定量地衡量，而这些攻击性行为的执行成本很高。这种种间侵略的适应性价值还没有被完全理解，但是性竞争，获得资源和在浅滩中的地位都是可能的功能。

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