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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Sex Differences in Discrimination of Shoal Size in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
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Sex Differences in Discrimination of Shoal Size in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

机译：孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）浅滩大小的歧视中的性别差异

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摘要

For a diversity of species, differences in sexual and parental roles, along with differences in body morphology, often result in males and females having different diets, distinct predators and even different patterns of habitat use. As a consequence, the two sexes often face different environmental challenges and selection may favour the evolution of sex differences in cognition. We tested this prediction in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Under perceived hazard, individual guppies join the larger available social group, a behaviour that is thought to minimise predation risk. In this species, females are more frequently exposed to predation and more averse to predation risk; we therefore expected greater accuracy in shoal size discrimination in females. We compared the accuracy of male and female guppies in discriminating shoals of 4 and 6 conspecifics, which represents the upper limit of discrimination for this species. Overall, we found no sex differences in the accuracy of discriminating the two shoals. However, while females showed this ability at the beginning of the test, males began to select the larger group only after several minutes. In three control experiments, we found indications that this sex difference cannot be accounted for by differences in motivation or antipredator strategies between the two sexes, suggesting female guppies are more efficient at rapidly estimating shoal size.
机译：对于物种的多样性，性和父母角色的差异以及身体形态的差异，通常会导致雄性和雌性的饮食不同，捕食者不同甚至栖息地使用方式不同。结果，两个性别通常面临不同的环境挑战，选择可能会促进性别差异在认知上的发展。我们在孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）中测试了这一预测。在感知到的危险下，个别孔雀鱼加入了更大的可利用的社会群体，这种行为被认为可以最大程度地减少捕食风险。在这个物种中，雌性更经常遭受捕食，更不愿意遭受捕食风险。因此，我们期望在女性浅滩尺寸判别中具有更高的准确性。我们比较了雄性孔雀鱼和雌性孔雀鱼在区分4种和6种同种鱼群中的准确度，这代表了该物种的歧视上限。总体而言，我们发现区分这两个浅滩的准确性没有性别差异。但是，尽管女性在测试开始时就表现出了这种能力，但男性仅在几分钟后才开始选择更大的群体。在三个对照实验中，我们发现有迹象表明，这种性别差异无法通过两种性别的动机或反掠夺者策略的差异来解释，这表明雌性孔雀鱼在快速估计浅滩大小方面更为有效。

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