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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >The Sound of Arousal: The Addition of Novel Non-linearities Increases Responsiveness in Marmot Alarm Calls
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The Sound of Arousal: The Addition of Novel Non-linearities Increases Responsiveness in Marmot Alarm Calls

机译：唤醒的声音：新颖的非线性功能增加了土拨鼠警报电话的响应能力

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摘要

Vocal structure should reflect vocal function. While much attention has focused on quantifying attributes of harmonic vocalizations, the vocalizations of many species also may contain non-linear phenomena such as warbles, subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos or noise. The function of these non-linearities remains enigmatic. In some species, harmonic vocalizations abruptly become 'noisy' when individuals are physiologically aroused and the sudden onset of these non-linearities could signal arousal or fear to receivers. One untested functional hypothesis is that vocalizations containing non-linearities are more variable from one rendition to the next, and thus are harder to habituate to. In some situations, reducing the likelihood of habituation could be important. Signals that are highly evocative are more difficult to habituate to. Thus, we conducted playback experiments to foraging yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to determine whether the addition of white noise (a non-linear acoustic phenomenon) to alarm calls elicited a greater response than control calls without the non-linearity or control calls with silence, rather than noise, added to them. Marmots spent less time foraging after hearing calls that included noise than after normal or control calls. This result is consistent with the unpredictability hypothesis and suggests that the adaptive value of non-linearities is to prevent habituation.
机译：人声结构应反映人声功能。尽管很多注意力都集中在量化和声发声的属性上，但许多物种的发声也可能包含非线性现象，例如小声，次谐波，和声，确定性混沌或噪声。这些非线性的功能仍然是个谜。在某些物种中，当个体被生理唤醒时，和声会突然变得“嘈杂”，而这些非线性的突然发作可能会引起接收者的唤醒或恐惧。一个未经检验的功能假设是，包含非线性的发声在一次演绎到另一次演绎时变化更大，因此更难以习惯。在某些情况下，减少适应的可能性可能很重要。令人回想起的信号更难以习惯。因此，我们进行了回放实验，以觅食黄腹土拨鼠（Marmota flaviventris），以确定与没有非线性或控制呼叫的控制呼叫相比，向警报呼叫添加白噪声（非线性声学现象）是否引起更大的响应他们保持沉默，而不是喧noise。在听到包含噪音的电话后，土拨鼠花在觅食上的时间比在正常或控制电话后花费的时间少。该结果与不可预测性假设相符，并表明非线性的自适应值是为了防止习惯。

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