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首页> 外文期刊>Endeavour: A Review of the Progress of Science and Technology in the Service of Mankind >Disinfection in the laboratory: theory and practice in disinfection policy in late C19th and early C20th England
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Disinfection in the laboratory: theory and practice in disinfection policy in late C19th and early C20th England

机译：实验室消毒：英格兰19世纪末至20世纪初的消毒政策理论与实践

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摘要

This article examines the relationship between theory and practice in nineteenth century English public health disinfection practice. Disinfection undertaken by local authorities and practised on objects, spaces and people became an increasingly common public health practice in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and was part of a newly developed public health system of 'stamping out' disease as described by Hardy. Despite disinfection's key role in public health policy, it has thus far not received significant investigation or historiographical attending. This article explores the development of disinfection policy at local level, highlighting that despite commentators assumptions that increasingly exacting standards of disinfection required professional oversight rather than that of the 'amateur' public, there was a significant gap between laboratory based knowledge and evidence derived from practical experience. Laboratory conditions could not replicate those found in day-to-day disinfection, and there were myriad debates about how to create a mutually understandable scientific standard for testing. Despite increasing efforts to bring local disinfection in line with new ideas promulgated by central government and disinfection researchers, the mismatches between the two meant that there was greater divergence. This tension lay at the heart of the changes in disinfection theory and practice in the second half of the nineteenth century, and illustrate the complexities of the impact of germ theory on public health policy.
机译：本文考察了19世纪英语公共卫生消毒实践中的理论与实践之间的关系。在19世纪后半叶，地方当局对物体，空间和人进行的消毒已成为越来越普遍的公共卫生习惯，并且是哈迪描述的新开发的“消除疾病”公共卫生系统的一部分。尽管消毒在公共卫生政策中起着关键作用，但迄今为止，尚未进行重大的调查或史学研究。本文探讨了地方一级消毒政策的发展，并强调指出，尽管评论员认为越来越严格的消毒标准需要专业监督，而不是“业余”公众的监督，但实验室知识与实践证据之间存在巨大差距经验。实验室条件无法复制日常消毒中发现的条件，关于如何建立一种相互理解的科学测试标准的辩论也很多。尽管加大了努力使地方消毒与中央政府和消毒研究人员提出的新想法保持一致，但两者之间的不匹配意味着存在更大的分歧。这种紧张关系是19世纪下半叶消毒理论和实践变化的核心，并说明了细菌理论对公共卫生政策的影响的复杂性。

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